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科普:打哈欠为什么会“传染”?

2017-09-02 14:25:51   新华网

新华社北京9月2日电 人们看到别人打哈欠时,明明自己并不困,也会不由自主地打起哈欠来。英国科学家最近提出,打哈欠的信号会自动触发大脑运动皮质的原始反射,导致无意识的自动模仿,形成“传染”。

被哈欠传染属于一种“模仿现象”,即不由自主地模仿他人行为或语言、机械重复特定动作或语言。英国诺丁汉大学发布的新闻公报说,该校研究人员的新发现将有助于理解与模仿现象有关的神经精神疾病,如自闭症、痴呆、癫痫和妥瑞氏症等。

研究人员在新一期美国《当代生物学》杂志上报告说,他们招募了36名成年志愿者,让这些人观看打哈欠的视频,要求一部分人控制住不打哈欠,而对照组可以随意打哈欠。实验期间,研究人员持续记录志愿者打哈欠的次数,并用经颅磁刺激技术测量大脑运动皮质的兴奋程度。

结果显示,人们被哈欠传染的倾向各不相同,大脑运动皮质的兴奋程度与打哈欠的迫切程度密切相关,通过人为刺激增强运动皮质兴奋程度,可以增强打哈欠的冲动。此外,要求志愿者控制住不打哈欠,反而会使他们更想打哈欠。

研究人员说,削弱运动皮质的兴奋程度,有可能使一些存在严重模仿现象的患者症状减轻,比如帮妥瑞氏症患者减少抽动,他们正在进行这方面的实验。

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