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黄金时代的黄金项目 探访英欣克利角核电站

2017-09-01 06:51:21   新华网

欣克利角核电站将是英国二十多年来新建的第一个核电项目。它位于英格兰西部的海边,为中国和法国共同出资在英国修建,中方股份占三分之一。欣克利角项目被描述为中国在英国和欧洲参与建设的第一个核电项目,是中英关系“黄金时代的黄金项目”。

在申请了几个月后,我们终于获得法方与中方的批准,去欣克利角项目工地采访。从伦敦坐火车,两个小时后就来到以盛产苹果和果酒知名的萨默塞特郡。火车停在一个叫唐顿的小镇,居民不多却有三家中餐馆。开餐馆是中国人擅长的投资方式,在发达国家投资核电则还是探索阶段。这让人想起此前牵头欣克利角项目的中广核负责人将中法合作称为“拼船出海”,为在欧洲修建更多核电站熟悉法律、积累经验。

从火车站再驱车40分钟,就到了海边的欣克利角。在核对身份、安检后,我们乘坐的大巴车进入了施工工地。目前欣克利角已经有A和B两座核电站,两座白色的大方楼就立在海边。中方参与修建的是C站项目,它预计于2019年年中开始核岛主体工程施工,两台机组计划分别于2025、2026年商运。

看着头顶闪着黄灯、驶入驶出的施工车辆,我们想象在这片相当于245个足球场大小的工地上将建成的巨大核电站。整个工地上要挖出约400万立方米的泥土,除了修建核电站设施外,还要修建初期员工的住宿区、休闲楼等。法方陪同的工作人员指着远处的挖掘机和卡车告诉我们,那卡车的轮子就比一个成年人还高,挖掘机一铲子下去就是30吨土。

工地24小时轮班施工,工作人员说工地每天都在变,他们也常常在带领游客参观时突然发现新出现的设施。目前工地上还感受不到中国气息,但介绍的人说,等核电项目开始施工的时候,会给大家安排中国文化和语言的介绍课程,毕竟中国是主要的投资方之一。

中国核电起步较晚,但目前运行业绩全球领先,这是利用了后发优势,在欧美国家核电基础上进一步提高,采取更为严格的安全要求,而欧美的核电研发因为各种原因停顿下来。目前欧美国家上世纪中期建成的核电站正逐步退役,巨大的国际市场为中国核电走出去提供了机遇。

英国政府前财政大臣奥斯本就曾选择广东的台山核电站作为他访华行程的最后一站,显示出英国对中国核电项目的兴趣。事实上,英国曾是较早发展民用核能的国家,世界上第一座商用核电站就诞生在英国。但因为此前在环保和资金投入方面的争议,英国核电发展停滞了、落后了。一个在核电行业干了近20年的技术官员告诉我们,中国之所以在核电上领先,原因很简单,那就是“中国在国内外不断建造核电站”。

我们到访欣克利角项目工地时,欧盟一些政客提出限制外国企业在欧洲投资,此前欣克利角项目也因为英方关于安全问题的审查而经历波折。最终,英国提出政府要在今后新建核电项目中参股,并有权干预股权转移。

有不少人批评英国政府对中国投资核电项目过于敏感。目前,英国正在加快向低碳经济转型,未来10年将对四分之一的发电项目进行更新,欣克利角项目就是其中的重头戏。该项目建成后,将满足英国7%的电力需求,在60年运行寿期内,每年相当于减排900万吨二氧化碳,在项目建设过程中,还会提供2.5万个就业岗位。(桂涛 张家伟 金晶)(新华社专特稿)

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