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“哈维”跻身美十大最昂贵飓风 重创能源心脏

2017-08-30 07:05:54   新华网

飓风“哈维”席卷得克萨斯州东南部及墨西哥湾,恰好“击中”美国能源行业的中心地带。

全美近一半的炼油产能聚集于此,石油产量占比为五分之一。美联社报道,大约10家炼油厂关门,意味着15%以上的炼油产能关停。换而言之,美国每天180亿桶的炼油产能被“哈维”卷走近30亿桶。

外界预计,下周油价看涨,价格攀升或将持续更长时间。

路透社说,“哈维”是50年来登陆得州最为强劲的飓风,现已减弱为热带风暴,但预计今后几天仍将有较强降雨。

高盛分析师达米安·库尔瓦兰说,风暴缓慢移动的性质暗示炼油厂关闭时间会被拖长,损失也随之更为持久。全美每日炼油产能中另有85万桶也受风暴威胁。

埃克森美孚公司关闭休斯敦市以东40公里处规模较大的贝敦炼油厂。它位于休斯敦航道沿线,每天最多处理58.4万桶原油。

英荷壳牌石油、瓦莱罗能源、雪铁戈石油和弗林特希尔斯资源等企业的炼油厂也纷纷关门。大部分炼油厂关闭出于预防,只接到少数几家报告说遭遇小规模洪灾。

休斯敦加油站正陷入“油荒”。普氏能源资讯公司旗下的皮拉能源分析师里克·约斯威克说,是否因输油设施遭破坏有待查证,市区以外地方的汽油供应可能也会受影响。

奥恩能源公司董事长布鲁斯·杰弗里斯说,目前油气企业专注于应对灾情并保障员工安全。自上周晚些时候起,墨西哥湾约100座石油作业平台的工人被疏散。美国安全与环境执法局数据显示,墨西哥湾约19%的石油生产已经停止。

审计、税务和咨询公司“美国RSM”首席经济学家约瑟夫·布鲁苏埃拉斯说,“哈维”登陆前,天然气价格上涨约10%。预计今后两周,得州天然气价格再涨20%至30%,其他地区涨势相对不明显。

英国广播公司认为,美国并非主要能源出口国,且油气供应仍保持历史高位。因此,“哈维”对全球影响有可能更小。

  【经济影响几何?】

分析人士预计,“哈维”带来经济损失将超过400亿美元,直接经济损失在200亿美元以上。

沦为泽国的休斯敦是美国第四大城市,每年经济总量超过5000亿美元。布鲁苏埃拉斯认为,在“哈维”影响下,美国本季度经济增速减慢0.1个百分点。

不过,他估计,今后6个月内,随着重建等活动的开展带来更多支出,经济会有所回升。

风暴也阻碍消费品装运。布鲁苏埃拉斯认为,由于小麦和大豆等装船被风暴延误,食品价格也受到影响。休斯敦和科珀斯克里斯蒂市的所有主要港口28日仍旧关闭,可能于本周晚些时候恢复运营。

杰弗里斯说,得州遭遇“史无前例的风暴”。大型油气企业对非正常天气做足准备,但家庭或小型企业所受影响恐怕大得多。许多家庭可能没有投保。

英国广播公司报道,2008年,飓风“艾克”重创得州后,投保损失超过120亿美元,而全部损害赔偿高达290亿美元。

代表大约400家保险公司的得州保险委员会发言人马克·汉娜说,“哈维”造成的损害赔偿会更显著。“损失波及范围将会很广。休斯敦这种规模的城市被淹,单单这一点就足以告诉你有大麻烦了。”

摩根大通分析师萨拉·德威特预测,“哈维”带来的投保损失在100亿至200亿美元间,使得“哈维”跻身“美国十大最昂贵的飓风”。(陈丹)(新华社专特稿)

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