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新华社北京8月29日电 美国科学家用比头发丝还细小的微型马达运输药物,治疗患有胃溃疡的实验鼠,效果比传统药物更好。这一新技术有望用于改善胃溃疡治疗方法。
这种微型马达由美国加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校科学家研制,尺寸相当于头发丝直径的一半,能在实验鼠胃部各处释放抗生素,并逐渐分解,不会留下有害废物。
微米或纳米级别的微型马达能将环境中的能量转化为机械能,实现自主运动。它们可用于在人体中执行多种任务,比如定向运输药物。但此前研究仍以体外实验为主,距离在生物体内高效运作的目标有很大差距。
研究小组在新一期英国《自然·通讯》杂志上报告说,这种微型马达的核心是球状的镁微粒,表面有多个覆盖层,包括二氧化钛保护层、负责治疗感染的抗生素层、帮助微型马达附着在胃壁上的壳聚糖聚合物层。
微型马达到达实验鼠胃部后,镁微粒与胃酸发生反应,产生气泡,推动微型马达运动,将抗生素运输到胃部各个区域。通常在有溃疡的胃中,胃酸如果过多会破坏抗生素,而这种微型马达以胃酸为“燃料”,有助抑制胃酸,加强治疗效果。
对于幽门螺旋杆菌感染导致的胃溃疡,传统疗法是联合使用抗生素与一种被称作质子泵抑制剂的药物。对比实验显示,这种微型马达的治疗效果要略好于传统方法。
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