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新闻分析:断交风波折射中东格局调整

2017-08-28 18:36:14   新华网

新华社北京8月28日电 新闻分析:断交风波折射中东格局调整

新华社记者吕迎旭 吴中敏 杨定都

卡塔尔断交风波持续发酵。卡塔尔不仅没有“服软”,反而与伊朗全面恢复外交关系。分析人士认为,随着叙利亚、伊拉克等地战事发生重大进展,中东格局悄然调整,对立阵营的政治外交角力日趋激烈,而断交风波正是这场角力的缩影。

卡塔尔声名鹊起

引起断交风波的导火索,是据称由卡塔尔国家通讯社网站播发的一段新闻报道。在该报道中,卡塔尔埃米尔(国家元首)塔米姆称伊朗为“伊斯兰强国”,与伊朗作对是“不智的”。沙特、埃及等国由此认定卡塔尔倒向伊朗,突然宣布与之断交。卡塔尔否认上述报道的真实性,也否认沙特等国的相关指责。

上海国际问题研究院副研究员金良祥说:“实际上,沙特等国对卡塔尔的不满由来已久。”

他说,卡塔尔长期高调推行“小国大外交”,先后举办了世界贸易组织多哈论坛、亚运会,申办2022年世界杯,顿时在海湾地区声名鹊起。卡塔尔半岛电视台的政治评论节目还引发了其他一些阿拉伯国家的强烈不满,它们指责该电视台言论干涉其内政。此外,这些阿拉伯国家还对卡塔尔与埃及“穆斯林兄弟会”的关系感到不满。

卡塔尔人口不到300万,其南部与沙特和阿联酋接壤,东面与伊朗隔海相望,而且与伊朗分享海湾水域的大片天然气田。卡塔尔一直希望在海湾两岸之间保持相对平衡。逼迫卡塔尔与伊朗断交,反而使卡塔尔左右为难。很多卡塔尔民众更是感到国家尊严受到伤害,纷纷走上街头支持卡塔尔政府。

对立阵营角力加剧

截至目前,断交危机对卡塔尔经济社会冲击有限。伊朗、土耳其、俄罗斯等国纷纷伸出援手,提供物资和道义支持。卡塔尔本月24日宣布与伊朗全面恢复外交关系。与此同时,卡塔尔与土耳其的关系也进一步拉近,土耳其加快在卡塔尔的军事基地建设,宣布向卡增派军队。双方还举行了联合军事演习。

埃及尼罗河战略研究中心专家艾哈迈德·班说,卡塔尔已决心与伊朗和土耳其建立战术性联盟。这是中东格局出现调整的重要信号之一。

无论是在卡塔尔断交风波中,还是在叙利亚、伊拉克和也门战事中,都能看到中东地区对立阵营之间角力加剧的迹象。近年来,伊朗的实力和地区影响力有所提升,令沙特感到威胁。另一方面,在叙利亚、伊拉克战事接近尾声的同时,也门战事却久拖不决,反而造成大量平民死伤,阿拉伯各国媒体中批评沙特的声音不断高涨。

中国对外经贸大学教授丁隆说,国际油价低迷不振,沙特等中东石油大国国内经济压力增大,有可能影响到沙特干预地区事务的能力。

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