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印媒:印度贫民人均居住面积不足9平米 低于牢房

2017-08-28 11:36:07   中国青年网

《印度时报》8月28日报道称,包括农村和城市在内的印度大多数人口都居住在面积极小的房屋中,空间甚至比监狱建议的每人最低牢房面积还小。

据报道,这一令人震惊的事实来自于媒体对印度全国抽样调查组织(NSSO)第69次住房条件的全面调查和《2016年模范监狱手册》(Model Prison Manual 2016)的比较。

报道指出,在约80%的贫困农村家庭中,平均住房面积小于或等于449平方英尺(约41.7平方米)。由于印度农村的平均家庭规模是4.8人,这意味着每人只能得到94平方英尺(约8.7平方米)或更小的可用空间。这比建造监狱牢房建议的96平方英尺(约8.9平方米)还要小。 当然,鉴于印度监狱过度拥挤,犯人的生活空间可能要小得多 。

据报道,在城市地区,60%的贫困家庭生活在平均面积在380平方英尺(约35.3平方米)或以下的房屋内。以平均家庭规模4.1人来计算,人均空间则为93平方英尺(约8.6平方米),这低于模范牢房的推荐规格。

当然,在这些家庭中,有些家庭的成员数量少于平均值,因此人均占有空间比一般人要多。因此,生活空间比模范牢房还小的人口比例未必是农村80%和城市60%的贫困人口。

报道称,尽管存在这些偏差,但印度大多数人还是生活在极小的空间。达利人(Dalits)和原住民的人均空间较小,和贫困邦的家庭类似。作为印度主流社会之外、印度宪法规定的两类弱势群体,表列种姓(scheduled caste)拥有70.3平方英尺(约6.5平方米)的人均可用空间,表列部落(scheduled tribes)则是人均85.7平方英尺(约7.8平方米)。同样,在20%的最贫困家庭中,其在农村地区的人均居住面积是78平方英尺(约7.2平方米),在城市则是75平方英尺(约7平方米)。至于最富有的20%家庭,他们在农村和城市分别拥有平均120平方英尺(约11.1平方米)和135平方英尺(约12.5平方米)的居住空间。

调查显示,印度比哈尔邦的农村居民家庭平均面积最小,为66平方英尺(约6.1平方米)。约15个邦的农村人口生活在比牢房还狭小的空间中。在8个邦中,城市的人均居住面积也低于牢房。

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