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皮尤调查:中美全球好感度基本持平 俄罗斯形象正在提升
皮尤中美俄好感度趋势对比图。
“全球最受欢迎国家,中美争第一”,美国皮尤调查中心23日发布的一项研究报告分析了中美俄三国在全球的受欢迎度,并着重对比了中美在各国好感度的差异。结果显示,中美美誉度目前基本持平,且近几年,中国明显缩小了与美国的差距。调查还显示,俄罗斯虽然还无法挤入中美之间的竞赛,但近几年各国对俄罗斯的正面评价正在上升。
这一研究报告基于皮尤研究中心今年春季的“全球态度”调查数据及最近几年的同类调查数据,调查对象包括欧洲、亚太地区、中东、非洲和拉美36国的民众。研究显示,越南、以色列、菲律宾、韩国、波兰、匈牙利、意大利、加纳、日本、南非、哥伦比亚、印度12国对美国的正面评价高于中国。而荷兰、西班牙、希腊、澳大利亚、印尼、突尼斯、黎巴嫩、约旦、土耳其、塞内加尔、坦桑尼亚、墨西哥、智利、秘鲁、阿根廷15国对中国的好感度高于美国。
皮尤研究员分析说,中国在拉美和中东地区普遍受欢迎,而给美国高分的,主要集中在欧洲和亚太地区。具体到国家,越南人对美中好感度的差异最大,84%的人认可美国的正面形象,仅10%的越南人表示喜欢中国。另外,日本和韩国对美国的评价也远高于中国。75%的韩国人认可美国形象,34%的人认可中国;57%的日本人认为美国形象正面,13%的人认为中国形象正面。两者的差异均超过40个百分点。对中国的评价高于美国的国家中,突尼斯给中美的“分差”最大,63%的民众表示喜欢中国,27%的人喜欢美国。黎巴嫩有63%的民众认为中国形象正面,认可美国的人为34%。外交学院国际关系研究所教授李海东24日接受《环球时报》记者采访时表示,越南最近一段时间在区域问题上对中国的挑战,得到了美国外交和安全方面的支持,进而增加对美国的好感度。而日韩是美国的盟国,对美国评价明显高于中国也在意料之中。
调查认为,美国在许多国家的形象下降,令其丧失曾经对中国的绝对领先地位。与此同时,近年来,中国在加拿大、澳大利亚、黎巴嫩和土耳其等国的美誉度明显提升。皮尤研究员对比了2014年至2016年的同类调查数据称,相较中国,几年间对美国有明显偏爱的国家减少过半,从25个下降到12个。此外,取各国平均值来看,对美国的好感度从64%下降到目前的50%。对中国则是略有下降,从52%降至48%。两国差距从12个百分点缩小到仅2个百分点。在西班牙、墨西哥、土耳其、澳大利亚、秘鲁和塞内加尔,几年间,对中国的好感度反超美国。
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