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“伊斯兰国”节节败退 叙利亚危机仍难解

2017-08-24 17:12:22   新华网

土耳其今年3月结束在叙利亚北部持续数月的军事行动,支持叙反政府武装“叙利亚自由军”成功控制叙部分边境地区。美国则重点支持库尔德武装打击“伊斯兰国”,以实现其在叙北部库尔德人地区的长期存在。

今年5月初,俄罗斯、土耳其和伊朗三国代表签署备忘录,在叙西北部伊德利卜省、中部霍姆斯省、大马士革郊区和叙南部地区分别设立“冲突降级区”,以防止政府军与反政府武装发生冲突。

备忘录签署以来得到较好落实,使得政府军能够较少受到牵制,集中精力打击“伊斯兰国”。

  或成三足鼎立之势

以目前趋势看,从军事上击败“伊斯兰国”已不会有很大障碍,但击败“伊斯兰国”并不代表着叙利亚政治进程将取得重要进展。相反,在消灭“伊斯兰国”这一共同敌人后,不排除政府军、反政府武装和库尔德武装三者矛盾尖锐化的可能。

三方力量在叙利亚各有控制区。政府军控制区拥有叙利亚大多数人口,主要集中在叙中西部。未来收复代尔祖尔后,这一省份也将置于政府军控制下。库尔德武装主要控制叙北部地区,而反政府武装主要控制叙西北部伊德利卜省和南部部分地区。

三者在国际社会都获得不同程度认可与支持。叙利亚政府得到俄罗斯和伊朗的军事支持;反政府武装则得到部分西方国家和中东地区国家的支持;而叙利亚库尔德武装除获得位于土耳其和伊拉克境内库尔德人的帮助,同时还得到美国重点扶持。

但三者的政治诉求各不相同,甚至难以调和。叙政府和反政府武装之间的矛盾自不必说,这也是叙利亚政治进程长期无法取得突破的原因。库尔德武装希望在叙北部地区实现自治,但叙政府和反政府武装目前对此均没有积极回应。

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