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新闻分析:美国加大介入乌克兰 美俄博弈升温

2017-08-24 16:21:30   新华网

新华社北京8月24日电 新闻分析:美国加大介入乌克兰 美俄博弈升温

新华社记者 赵嫣 刘莉莉

美国近来不断加强与乌克兰的军事合作,并显示出要在黑海地区立足以便进一步插手乌克兰事务和向该地区渗透的意图。这些动向已经引起俄罗斯的警觉和反对,美俄博弈升温。

据美乌媒体报道,美国国防部长马蒂斯和美国政府乌克兰问题特别代表沃尔科24日将在乌克兰首都基辅参加乌独立日阅兵式庆典,并与乌总统波罗申科和国防部长举行会谈,美乌军事合作将是会谈重点之一。

一周前,美国海军发表声明说,美方正在靠近克里米亚半岛的乌克兰南部尼古拉耶夫州奥恰科夫海军基地帮助建设乌海军作战中心。另据报道,美国国防部可能将推动政府批准向乌克兰提供致命性武器。

乌克兰危机爆发后,美国前任总统奥巴马政府的态度总体来说还相当克制,无论是诺曼底四方机制,还是三方联络小组的工作,美国都未直接参与。今年7月,沃尔科被任命为美国政府乌克兰问题特别代表后,美国对解决乌克兰危机的参与力度逐渐加大,并由幕后走到台前。

国防科技大学国际关系学院外军研究中心副主任、副教授方晓志认为,奥巴马时期,美国怕过多刺激俄罗斯,同时也不能确定美国援乌武器是否被乌克兰真正用于防俄,所以只提供头盔、防弹背心等非致命性武器。现在随着美俄较量不断升级,特别是美国现任总统特朗普上台以来,两国在叙利亚等国际问题上对抗性越来越强,美国开始加大对乌克兰问题的介入力度,未来很有可能提供致命性武器,将乌克兰作为与俄罗斯对抗的一个新地区代理人。

在与乌克兰合作问题上,美国高层近来的表态明显针对俄罗斯。据乌克兰总统新闻处消息,特朗普向波罗申科祝贺独立日时表示,美国将继续支持乌克兰恢复国家主权和领土完整的努力。马蒂斯在到访乌克兰之前更是直接批评俄罗斯破坏乌克兰的领土完整,并敦促俄罗斯执行新明斯克协议。

俄罗斯高度重视黑海在军事上的战略意义,而美军正在帮助乌克兰建造的奥恰科夫海军作战中心恰恰位于黑海沿岸,扼守黑海通往乌克兰内陆的要冲,靠近克里米亚半岛。

俄方认为,美国在奥恰科夫建设的海军作战中心,表面归乌克兰所有,但实际上按照美国标准建造,是为美军服务的,一旦建成,将会对俄罗斯安全构成巨大威胁。

值得注意的是,沃尔科在前往基辅访问之前,与俄罗斯总统助理苏尔科夫在白俄罗斯首都明斯克就解决乌克兰危机举行了闭门会谈,双方都认为此次会谈是“建设性的”,并商定乌克兰和平进程应该在政治和安全两个轨道上尽快推进。

可以看出,在乌克兰问题上,美国做了两手准备,一方面不放弃谈判,保持与俄罗斯的正面接触,另一方面,通过军事合作等方式拉拢乌克兰,进一步挤压俄罗斯的战略空间,逼迫俄罗斯在乌克兰问题上作出让步。

方晓志认为,为了牵制美国在乌克兰的动作,俄罗斯也可能“围魏救赵”,加大对中东地区的干涉力度。由于美国在中东也拥有战略利益,俄罗斯将会加大在中东方向的战略反击,将大国博弈的重心从乌克兰再次推向中东,短期内美俄围绕乌克兰问题的战略博弈还将会持续升温。

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