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新华社伦敦8月22日电(记者张家伟)全球不少曾经历战火的地区面临地雷清理的难题。英国帝国理工学院22日发布一项研究成果说,在一些泥炭土覆盖地区,可借助受控燃烧技术提高清理地雷的效率。
帝国理工学院团队开发的这种技术名为“O-Revealer”,主要包括一个电源和一个加热线圈。把线圈放置在地雷掩埋位置上方的泥炭土表层中并通电,能将土壤中的泥炭加热到500摄氏度。由于泥炭本身可燃,这能形成一个无焰燃烧过程,这种燃烧状态不会看到火苗,只会产生烟气,最终能够燃烧掉覆盖在地雷上的泥炭土。这样能使地雷暴露出来,有利于更快速、安全地清理这类危险物。
研究团队试验了这种燃烧过程是否会引发地雷爆炸。结果显示,对金属材质的地雷而言,无论土壤湿度和外界风速如何,爆炸的风险都较低;对塑料材质的地雷而言,在土壤较干燥且有风的条件下,可能爆炸风险较高,但如果是在土壤较湿和无风情况下,爆炸风险也较低。
该团队介绍,这项技术适用于不少地区,包括越南、缅甸、老挝、乌干达和津巴布韦等。
虽然许多国家已经禁止使用地雷,但地雷仍在不少地方被使用。帝国理工学院援引的一组数字显示,全球每年埋下的地雷在200万到500万颗之间。
报告作者之一、帝国理工学院学者吉勒莫·雷因说,地雷给不少地区的人们带来很大威胁,然而清理地雷需要克服很大的技术和安全挑战,这项研究成果有助许多地方当局以更高效和安全的方式移除地雷。
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