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英媒:“年轻”的印度处理内外事务都太任性

2017-08-21 08:16:57   新华网

英国《金融时报》8月16日发表达尔米亚控股集团董事长戈拉弗·达尔米亚的文章《“70岁”的印度仍在经历“成长的烦恼”》称,印度在国际关系中的相对不成熟,公众对政府机构的信任度低。政府能力虚弱,因此重建制度是一项迫切任务。

文章称,印度是一个年轻的国家。该国独立于70年前,比大多数主要大国更年轻。从人口结构上说,印度拥有世界上最年轻的人口之一,年龄中位数只有28岁。相比之下,中国人的年龄中位数是37岁,俄罗斯是39岁,加拿大是42岁,德国是47岁。文章援引新加坡学者马凯硕的话,印度的外交气质是“任性的”。印度在国际关系中的相对不成熟,是其年轻的产物。印度独立还不到四代人的时间,其国际回应符合一个正在寻找自己在世界上位置的年轻国家的特点。

文章称,印度发展成今天的样子,并不是必然的。建国之初,许多人认为,印度幅员辽阔,多样性程度太高,将使其无法治理。经济学家们则揣测,印度能否养活本国的庞大人口。

文章称,尽管数十年来印度的发展和变化中有一些显著的成果,但从印度的潜能来衡量,它们还不到位。在1980年代的一次大幅增长之后,印度制造业产值占GDP的比重停滞在16.5%。很大一部分原因在于基础设施瓶颈和僵化的劳动力市场政策。然而,失业率居高不下。印度需要每月创造100万个新工作岗位;在最好的时候,印度也只达到了这个目标的一半。矛盾之处在于,调查显示,60%的印度雇主表示遇到招工困难。

文章称,在政治方面,尽管印度拥有政治学家所称的“输入民主”,但就所有实际目的而言,印度在“输出民主”方面较为薄弱。考验这点的一个很好的例子是,少数族裔、穷人或者低种姓的人找当地警察局求助的结果。也就是说,公众对于政府机构的信任度很低。这表现在投票人数不断减少以及逃税方面。政府能力虚弱,因此重建制度是一项迫切的优先任务。

文章称,印度政府需要更强有力的体制来应对所谓的棘手问题,这些问题很难描述,也很难解决,因为它们交织在一起相互依赖。

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