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德国总理默克尔:巴塞罗那恐袭是对西方生活方式的攻击

2017-08-19 06:56:40   中国青年网

美丽的西班牙名城巴塞罗那,在火热的旅游季节遭遇残酷的恐怖袭击:17日傍晚,一辆厢式货车在市中心最繁华的步行街上狂碾人群,瞬时造成13人死亡,百余人受伤;18日凌晨在邻近巴塞罗那的另一旅游胜地坎布里尔斯,又发生小轿车冲撞人群的连环恐袭事件,造成至少一名女性遇难。

法国RTL电台18日分析称,此次恐袭可以被理解为IS组织针对国际反IS联盟的报复。近来IS在伊拉克和叙利亚战场接连遭受重大失利,不得不将压力转移至外部。虽然西班牙并不是反IS联盟的主力,但是恐怖袭击者很可能是意图效法之前发生在欧洲的多起恐袭事件。巴塞罗那和坎布里尔斯都是著名旅游度假胜地。此外,西班牙历史上曾经被穆斯林统治长达数个世纪,至今境内保存有许多伊斯兰风格建筑,IS追随者很可能期望恢复往日对西班牙的统治。

CNN18日称,当年参与“9·11”恐怖袭击的一名撞击纽约世贸中心大楼的飞行员就曾住在坎布里尔斯。另据法国《世界报》18日分析,巴塞罗那早就成了伊斯兰极端分子在西班牙的老巢,只不过西班牙政府把主要的精力放在防控加泰罗尼亚分裂势力上了。超过160名西班牙激进分子远赴叙利亚和伊拉克加入了“伊斯兰国”。

中国现代国际关系研究院副院长冯仲平18日对《环球时报》记者说,近几年欧洲的恐怖袭击事件频繁发生,以他去欧洲国家参加会议和访问的感觉,欧洲国家公共场所的安保和反恐准备还是不够,一些必要的安检很缺乏。比如地铁安检、汽车租赁等方面都管理不严。

德国总理默克尔18日说,在巴塞罗那和坎布里尔斯发生的恐怖袭击“是对西方生活方式的攻击”。冯仲平说,其实欧洲恐袭频繁发生的一个重要原因是欧洲的理想主义。欧洲领导人的思维就是不能让恐怖分子得逞,改变欧洲人的生活和习惯。如果欧洲国家的安全门槛调高了,就会被一些人和一些媒体批评是“向IS或者是恐怖主义投降”。

同校园枪击案类似,汽车冲撞已经成为恐怖分子发动袭击的一个重要方式。据CNN17日报道,自2014年起,西方国家共发生了14起以汽车冲撞为手段的公共袭击事件,造成128人遇难。西班牙《国家报》18日称,纵观各国的恐怖活动升级,不难看出一个迹象,就是恐怖分子使用的手段“越来越低成本和低技术”。今后如何控制卡车的出租和防止窃车将成为反恐研究课题。

而这并不是IS组织追随者的专利,西方国家的极端分子也在效法将机动车用作袭击工具。英国反穆斯林人士今年6月在北伦敦一座清真寺外驾车冲撞穆斯林,造成12人死伤。上周六发生在美国弗吉尼亚州的暴力事件中,一位美国白人至上主义者驾车冲入抗议白人种族主义的游行人群中,造成一名女性死亡。

西班牙上次遭遇大规模恐袭伤亡事件是2004年的马德里“3·11”列车爆炸案,当时共造成191人死亡。相比之下,汽车冲撞的袭击形式因潜在目标过于不确定,政府只能通过重点地域限制交通来被动应对,比炸弹袭击更加难以防范。

俄罗斯《生意人报》18日称,针对卡车恐袭的方法,欧洲国家应当设立路障保护人行区。但欧洲国家一直宣称,加强这样的安全措施侵犯人权和公民的自由,结果让公民付出血的代价。

中国现代国际关系研究院反恐问题专家李伟18日对《环球时报》记者说,车辆在欧美普及性高,厢式货车、房车都是合法私产,容易得到。但用在恐怖袭击中,这些车辆造成的伤亡毫不亚于传统的枪支、炸弹等恐怖袭击方式,像尼斯货车冲击人群造成80多人死亡,对社会造成严重心理恐慌。他表示,近年来欧洲各国已经加强了反恐措施,但主要还是从枪支管控、爆炸物排查等传统方面着手。用车辆发动的恐怖袭击很难防范,“目前几乎没有应对办法”。只有从源头上锁定恐怖嫌犯,对其采取行动,才能彻底防范。

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