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韩媒忧虑中韩建交25年也有副作用 被批过河拆桥

2017-08-18 10:50:16   环球时报

【环球网报道 实习记者 李婷婷】据韩联社8月18日报道,中韩建交助推韩国经济蓬勃发展,同时产生了使韩国经济“过渡依赖中国的副作用”。中国国内的“利空消息”往往给韩国经济造成“负面影响”。近日,两国在驻韩美军部署“萨德”反导系统的问题上立场各异,韩国经济对华“依存度过高”的问题再度引发关注。

中韩两国经济关系的密切程度体现在进出口、投资规模的变化。据韩国贸易协会发布的数据,1992年中韩建交时,韩国对华出口总额为26.5亿美元,进口额仅为37.2亿美元。2016年,韩国对华出口额增至1244亿美元,进口额增至869亿美元,与1992年相比分别增长了47倍、23倍。

韩国产业通商资源部发布的数据显示,2016年中国在韩国总出口额和进口额中分别占25.1%和21.4%,成为韩国的第一大出口对象国和进口来源地。据国际贸易中心资料,2016年韩国占中国总出口额10%,居首位,占中国进口总值的4.5%。

两国双边投资也大大增加。2016年,中国对韩直接投资额(FDI)占同年全体FDI的9.6%,为20.49亿美元,达1992年的1940倍。同期,韩国对华直接投资额从2.23亿美元增至40.02亿美元,增幅约为18倍。

伴随着经济结构发生变化,两国经贸品目也有所不同。上世纪90年代初,韩国在对华贸易中主要在汽车、钢铁板、船舶、纺织机械领域实现顺差,农产品、饲料、矿物领域出现逆差。自2010年以来,韩国凭借半导体、LCD等技术含量高的产品开拓中国市场,对华化妆品出口增加。中方对韩国出口项目主要是非金属矿物、服装、电脑、鞋类、无线通信设备。

然而,中韩经贸合作规模过大“引起忧虑”,因为中国实体经济和金融经济波动性不折不扣地传到韩国。2016年1月人民币贬值,中国股市暴跌,韩国金融市场遭到重创。最近,中韩两国围绕“萨德”入韩立场各异,赴韩中国游客大幅减少,韩国企业和市场深受打击。

韩国韩亚金融经营研究所分析称,若访韩中国游客减少30%,韩国旅游收入预计减少56亿美元,国内生产总值减少0.4%。若中间品和资本品出口分别减少5%,消费品出口减少50%,韩国对华出口预计会减少7.5%。

另有分析称,考虑到中国产业结构变化,韩国出口战略面临挑战在所难免。中国政府正在推进零部件和材料国产化,韩国中间品对华出口前景不明朗。具体来看,中间品顺差规模缩小,农产品和消费品逆差增加,受此影响,韩国对华贸易顺差从2013年的628亿美元减少到2016年的375亿美元。

在此背景下,韩国企业把目光转向东盟、印度等新兴体寻求发展,以摆脱出口市场偏向中国的局面。韩国专家表示,新兴体不足以代替中国,需要重新制定对华出口战略。专家指出,首先需实现出口产品多样化,比如污水、废弃物处理设备及非化石能源设备。

针对“萨德”部署问题,8月14日,中国外交部发言人华春莹就半岛局势答记者问时表示,韩国部署“萨德”无助于解决半岛核问题,而且严重损害中国等地区国家的战略安全利益,要求韩方正视中方的安全关切,停止部署“萨德”进程。

责任编辑:周晶晶 CN032
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