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中国种业危机:“洋种子”按粒卖 国产的论斤卖

2017-08-16 09:21:25   中国经济网

种业危机:进口的按粒卖 国产的论斤卖

国内企业自主创新能力不足,“洋种子”大行其道

近期,《经济参考报》记者在宁夏、山东等地调研了解到,西红柿、茄子、黄瓜、辣椒、西兰花……这些老百姓餐桌上最常见的蔬菜,竟然不少都是“洋种子”长成的。

一些蔬菜种植大户一再诉苦:“今年我们遇到了高价也买不来‘洋种子’的问题。我们国家能造航母、能造C919大飞机,但为何不能研发出好菜种,而要长期受制于美、日、韩、以色列等国的‘洋种子’?”

优势明显洋种子价格连年上涨

宁夏回族自治区固原市原州区彭堡镇姚磨村冷凉蔬菜基地占地3万多亩,吸引了当地1500多农民就地打工,带动10个村组户均增收5000元以上,是原州区精准扶贫、脱贫富民的主战场。

姚磨村党支部书记、瑞丰蔬菜产销专业合作社负责人姚选告诉《经济参考报》记者,他们选种一类菜时,一般要试种五六个品种,最后选优。比如西兰花和娃娃菜,要选国内、国外的十几个品种进行试种,但从日本、韩国进口的种子种出的菜,无论在品相、产量、纯度和发芽率、耐储藏等方面,优势都比较明显。

采访中,《经济参考报》记者正好碰上原州区农牧局副局长李春琴和一名农技推广人员。攀谈中,李春琴直言:“因为这些优势,‘洋种子’的价格远远高于国内种子,有些品种能高出几十倍。进口的按粒卖、国产的论斤卖,这是种子行业目前最大的问题。”

姚选给记者现场算账:“2015年,从日本进口的10万粒包装的西兰花‘耐寒优秀’,每袋3500元,一粒0.035元;2016年市场开始紧缺,每袋涨到6500元,一粒0.065元;到了今年,每袋涨到2万多元,一粒下来0.2元还多,比2015年涨了6倍多, 我们菜农能否种得起暂且不说,主要是国内市场上没货。另外,从韩国进口的娃娃菜的种子价格也是一路飙涨。”

在田间地头,《经济参考报》记者随机采访了姚磨村几位种菜村民,罗军、姚国政、姚猛等人都对过度依赖和受制于“洋种子”的事情很无奈。他们想知道,今年日本西兰花的种子紧缺,是不是我国对进口日本的东西把关更严了?

这几位村民反问了记者一大串问题:国家有不少农业科研单位,有不少科研人员,有那么多的科研经费,他们在干什么?都干了啥?成果在哪儿?为什么就研发不出优质菜种?问题出在哪儿?

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