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孕妇接触多溴联苯醚阻燃剂可致孩子智商降低

2017-08-06 22:02:13   新华网

新华社旧金山8月5日电(记者马丹)多溴联苯醚是一组溴原子数不同的联苯醚混合物,常作为阻燃剂用于家具等家庭用品,人们早就知道这种物质有害健康。美国一项最新研究发现,孕妇接触多溴联苯醚会损害孩子的智力,导致孩子智商降低。

加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校研究人员分析了世界各地近3000对母子的数据,发现有足够证据支持多溴联苯醚对智商的影响。这份日前刊登在美国《环境状况观察》月刊上的研究指出,孕妇接触多溴联苯醚越多,孩子的智商越低。母亲体内多溴联苯醚含量每增长10倍,孩子的智商就下降3.7点。

研究人员说,智商下降3.7点看起来或许不算太多,但从整个人口层面来看,这意味着更多孩子需要早期干预,他们的家人可能因此面临个人和经济上的负担。

上世纪70年代,多溴联苯醚通过家具等一些产品的防火安全标准,开始在加州普遍使用。随着越来越多的证据显示多溴联苯醚对人体有害,从2003年开始,加州以及美国其他一些州相继批准禁止使用或逐渐停止使用一些最常见多溴联苯醚的法案。

研究人员说,虽然已推出对多溴联苯醚的禁令和限制措施,但问题在于人们仍在接触。这一化学阻燃剂易附着于粉尘、废旧家具和电子设备中,不断释放到环境中,最终会进入人们的食物和身体,其中儿童面临的风险最大。

此外,多溴联苯醚与建筑材料、杀虫剂等含有的其他有毒化学物质叠加,可能产生严重的化学物混合影响,这是目前环保法规所没有考虑在内的。

研究人员希望这一研究成果能为负责环境与人体健康事务的决策者敲响警钟,决策者应从使用多溴联苯醚中吸取教训,认识到持久存在的有害化学物质从一开始就不应添加到家庭用品中。

多溴联苯醚是一类在环境中广泛存在的有机污染物,理论上有209种同系物。由于这类物质在环境中稳定存在,联合国环境规划署在2009年正式将四溴联苯醚、五溴联苯醚、六溴联苯醚和七溴联苯醚列入旨在减少有毒有害化学品使用的《斯德哥尔摩公约》,全面彻底停产停用。

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