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综述:移民改革草案在美国社会引发争议

2017-08-04 12:23:09   新华网

新华社华盛顿8月3日电 综述:移民改革草案在美国社会引发争议

新华社记者

美国总统特朗普2日宣布支持一项移民改革法草案,这份旨在减少合法移民数量的草案一经面世便在美国社会引起巨大争议。

“特朗普支持的移民改革草案是不会通过的,因为这项草案针对的是对美国经济至关重要的群体,”芝加哥移民维权人士帕斯特·洛扎诺表示。

来自伊利诺伊州移民与难民权利联盟的华裔人士弗雷德·曹说,新移民与土生土长的美国人之间并不存在太多就业方面的竞争,美国工人被低素质移民取代的说法是站不住脚的。

《改革美国移民政策以促进经济法案》草案由共和党联邦参议员汤姆·科顿和戴维·珀杜联合起草。特朗普2日表示,新方案可以“帮助美国在21世纪重新具备竞争力,并修复美国政府与公民间的信任”。

按照草案内容,绿卡政策将向那些英语流利、受过高等教育并拥有高收入工作的申请者倾斜。同时,新方案拟取消增加美国社会多元化的“绿卡抽奖”,并将难民签证限制在每年5万份以下。据估算,在新方案实施第一年,美国将减少发放41%的绿卡。

美国《华盛顿时报》社论说,这一举措是移民改革的良好开端,“我们欢迎移民,但不是一下子接收所有移民”。

《国会山》网站专栏作者罗伯特·劳撰文表示,这项移民改革草案将帮助美国劳工。“如果我们能够挑选那些更有潜力在美国成功的移民,我们不仅帮助他们改变他们自身的命运,也帮助了美国。”

然而,也有不少专业人士对草案内容表示担忧。在美国执业20多年的华人律师王志东说,这项移民草案几乎没有可能通过,它与美国国情不符。美国是一个移民国家,这决定了对合法移民设限的法案行不通。

美国休斯敦大学东亚政治与国际关系副教授李坚强认为,特朗普修改移民政策将给美国国家利益造成损害。减少移民数量将影响劳动力市场的补缺能力,导致国外高科技人才转而投奔其他新产业发展蓬勃的国家,同时,新方案可能刺激美国社会反移民偏激情绪进一步发酵。

根据美国立法程序,联邦议员提出草案后一般会交由国会相关委员会审议,然后送交众议院和参议院投票。草案在两院都获得简单多数支持后即交由总统签字生效,成为正式法案。在实践中,两党博弈将贯穿整个立法程序,因此整个过程可能十分漫长。

分析人士指出,美国移民改革将面临重重阻力,首先,共和、民主两党都有不少议员对改革持反对意见,草案很难获得足够多的支持票;其次,由于美国国会在医改、税改等重要议题上都尚未取得进展,移民改革将难以被列入国会优先议程。(综合新华社驻华盛顿记者刘阳,驻芝加哥记者王强、汪平,驻休斯敦记者高路、刘立伟报道)

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