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11国意见分歧大 日本欲要“复活”TPP或徒劳

2017-07-14 05:46:44   法制日报

原标题:日本欲“复活”TPP或徒劳

本报驻日本记者冀勇

7月12日、13日,在日本的主导下,除美国外的11个TPP(跨太平洋伙伴关系协定)参加国在日本神奈川县箱根町召开首席谈判代表会议,探讨美国退出后“复活”TPP协定的问题。从会谈情况来看,在缺少最大经济体和最大消费市场美国的情况下,各国在协议内容修改上存在巨大意见分歧,日本欲要“复活”TPP前景暗淡。

日本已做两手准备

TPP生效条件为在2018年2月3日前12个TPP参加国中至少要有6个国家完成国内批准程序、且完成批准程序的国家GDP总量要占12个参加国的85%以上。因为美国占TPP参加国GDP的60.3%,今年1月美国总统特朗普签署总统令宣布退出TPP事实上给TPP下达了“死刑判决”。

在TPP“胎死腹中”的情况下,日本一直试图“复活”TPP。实际上,日本已做好了两手准备,除通过各种途径劝说美国重返TPP外,日本还做好了拉其他TPP参加国单干的准备。

日本的一系列活动向外界传递着一个强烈信息,即TPP可以“死”,但日本企图力推TPP所确立的高标准贸易规则作为今后国际社会构建自由贸易机制的准则而继续存在。

企图缓和国内批评

日本这么做无外乎出于以下几个方面的原因。一是向国际社会标榜其是自由贸易的坚定拥护者,试图在国际贸易秩序的构建中发挥主导作用。日本首相安倍晋三在2016年12月日本国会参议院批准TPP的全体会议召开前曾表示,虽然TPP生效的前景不明朗,但将构筑公平经济圈的战略和经济意义传递给全世界意义重大,显示了日本想要在国际贸易秩序构建中发挥主导性作用的野心。

二是借“复活”TPP对抗美国特朗普政府与日本算的经济账。高举“美国第一”的特朗普上台后不仅批评日本在安保上搭便车,还将批评矛头指向美日间存在的高额贸易赤字问题,要求美日谈判签署两国间的贸易协议,以扭转两国贸易不均衡问题。此前,日美间已经建立了由两国“二把手”彭斯与麻生太郎就贸易问题进行谈判的对话机制,在正式进入谈判前,日本先是与欧洲达成了EPA(日欧经济伙伴关系协定)协议,接着又拉其他11个TPP参加国到日本谈“复活”TPP问题,目的都是为即将打响的日美“贸易战”准备弹药。

三是发挥TPP在抗衡中国地区影响力上的“剩余价值”。TPP在启动之初即被作为美日掌控亚太地区经济秩序、制衡中国经济崛起的手段。在TPP失败后,日本在另一重要地区贸易机制RCEP(区域全面经济伙伴关系)的谈判中完全不顾及各国国情的巨大差异性,不断用TPP说事,并要求以TPP为范本打造RCEP,这在很大程度上迟滞了RCEP的谈判和亚洲经济融合的进程。

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