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地球生物圈边界或改写:国际空间站表面发现微生物

2017-05-30 14:01:15   新华社

原标题:俄在空间站外表面发现微生物

新华社莫斯科5月29日电(记者魏忠杰)在生存条件严酷的太空中究竟有无生命体存活?为解答这一问题,俄科研人员从国际空间站外表面提取了多份样本,结果发现了6种微生物的DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)片段、1种真菌的孢子和1种能在太空生存的细菌,其中部分可能来自地球。

俄国家航天集团29日发布新闻公报说,国际空间站宇航员在2010年至2016年的多次太空行走中,从空间站舱体外表面的细碎沉积物中提取了19份样本,并将其在与外界隔离状态下带回地球。

俄航天集团下属太空科研机构“中央机器制造科研所”和俄科学院医学生物学课题研究所的专家,在对上述样本多次进行分子生物学研究和化验后发现了有生命力的芽孢杆菌属细菌和金担子菌属真菌的孢子,而且找到它们的次数约占检测总次数的45%。

在这些样本里,俄研究者还发现一种细菌的DNA片段,其形态与非洲马达加斯加岛土壤中一种细菌的DNA片段近似。另有一种分枝杆菌属细菌的DNA片段,其“主人”可能是俄西北部巴伦支海的浮游细菌。此外,研究者在国际空间站外的沉积物中找到了担孢酵母属真菌、囊担菌属真菌、代尔夫特菌属细菌和原始古细菌的DNA片段。这些破碎遗传物质被发现的次数约占检测总次数的70%。

俄航天集团的专家指出,学界通常认为地球生物圈范围的“上限”是海平面以上的万米高空,如果今后的研究能证实在国际空间站外存活的芽孢杆菌属细菌确实源自地球,或者上述DNA片段的“主人”也在该空间站外安了家且其老家也是地球的话,那么地球生物圈外沿的边界或许应改写。

此外,俄研究者还推测,上述微生物及其细胞物质可能并非在国际空间站各舱体升空时被带入太空。有学说认为,源自地球的生命物质可通过飘浮脱离地球稠密大气进入近地空间。因此在距地球表面约400公里的太空轨道内运行的空间站,将是研究悬浮微生物能否和如何从地球向外“逃逸”的绝佳设施,其研究结果还有望用于保护未来深空探测器和行星际空间站的外壳。(完)

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