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“地球上最伟大表演”谢幕:玲玲马戏团结束146年巡演

2017-05-24 04:30:29   环球时报

原标题:玲玲马戏团结束146年巡演历史,“地球上最伟大表演”黯然落幕

【环球时报驻美国、加拿大、俄罗斯特约记者 孙卫赤 陶短房 汪嘉波】号称“地球上最伟大表演”的美国玲玲马戏团于本月21日在纽约长岛举行谢幕演出,结束了自己146年的巡演历史。经营该马戏团的费德娱乐公司今年1月表示,观众人数持续减少,营运成本高昂是结束表演的主要原因。

不过,这也许还不是最重要的原因。众所周知,动物是“马戏”表演的主角,但很多动物权益组织一直向马戏团施压,认为强迫动物表演是一种虐待,因此,以动物表演为特色的美国马戏团几乎都面临窘境。去年,科尔马戏团关闭了帐篷;与玲玲马戏团和加拿大太阳马戏团并称世界三大马戏团的大苹果马戏团前景也很暗淡,今年夏季是该马戏团的最后一轮演出,其资产拍卖在2月份就开始了。

历史上拥有多个著名马戏团的加拿大也面临类似情况,目前该国大多数马戏团都已停演,著名马戏团只剩太阳马戏团。太阳马戏团成立于1984年,截至2015年已走访过48个国家,在330多座城市进行过巡回表演,观众总人数高达1.6亿人次。但2013年杂技演员吉约特在拉斯维加斯表演时因事故丧生,引发了北美对马戏是否应该继续存在的激烈辩论,越来越多的人指责马戏“对人危险、对动物不人道”,许多城市通过行政附例,禁止马戏团在自己的城市公演,甚至不让马戏团动物通过该城市的车站、街道,这使太阳马戏团赖以生存的“巡回演出”方式受到了致命威胁。尽管该马戏团每年营收仍有10亿美元以上,但长此以往市场只会越走越窄。由于说法语的魁北克省一直对马戏团的存在表示欢迎,目前太阳马戏团在该省的演出基本不受影响,但在另一个重要市场温哥华市的演出则越来越多遭到当地环保活跃人士的压力。

与北美不同的是,马戏大国俄罗斯似乎并没有被这些压力左右。马戏是俄罗斯人业余生活的重要部分,他们创造了马戏中的很多传统保留节目。对于俄罗斯人来说,马戏具有一定的社会价值,一家老小一起观看马戏表演是很重要的一项活动,他们也不认为马戏表演是在虐待动物。因此俄罗斯马戏团产业尚未受到冲击。

一些马戏产业业内人士认为,虽然北美马戏团正身处困境,但并非没有出路。玲玲马戏团关门不是结束,也代表着一种变革,一些新的马戏团正在崛起。太阳马戏团创始人拉利伯特曾表示,他觉得马戏团需要找到合适的合作伙伴才能取得更大发展,“未来一切皆有可能”。

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