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国际能源署:2020年后原油价格或飙升

2017-05-22 05:50:14   经济参考报

原标题:国际能源署:2020年后原油价格飙升

国际能源署日前在北京发布《2017石油市场报告》,这是IEA首次在中国发布重新命名的石油市场报告。

《2017石油市场报告》对未来5年国际石油市场进行了分析与预测,并对石油发展史上正在进行的深刻转型做了研判。IEA认为:在主要发展中经济体的引领下,预期石油需求的强劲增势至少要保持到2022年。2015年至2016年,上游投资空前减少,虽然对降低成本起到一定作用,但若上游新项目不能尽快落实,剩余产能将逐步减少,2020年之后,全球石油市场有可能陷入“供不应求”的泥淖,出现价格飙升的风险。

IEA石油工业与市场部门负责人Neil Atkinson指出,近几年尽管美国页岩油的投资增长强劲,但2017年初的全球原油投资迹象表明,市场仍未回暖。若投资低迷的趋势继续,到2020年,全球的原油供应增长将出现停滞,2022年剩余产能将降至14年来最低,届时全球原油市场将会趋紧。

与此同时,受新兴经济体市场的驱动,未来5年全球原油需求将持续攀升,2019年将突破1亿桶/日大关,2022年达到1.04亿桶/日。需求增长主要来自发展中国家,新增需求中的七成将来自于亚洲国家,届时印度的石油需求增长将超过中国。电动汽车将是石油需求增长的潜在阻力,但IEA预计,2022年之前,电动车对燃油车的替代作用有限。

此次发布会IEA还将中国市场的研究结果集结成册。受经济形势利好、石油化工生产大幅增长和汽车保有/需求旺盛等因素的支撑,预计2016年至2022年中国石油需求将净增180万桶/日,年均增长率约为2.4%,仍明显低于以往的预期。供应方面,预计中国主要石油生产商会增加上游支出,但增加的投资不足以扭转老油田的产量递减,仅能延缓中国原油产量的下滑速度。2022年,预计中国的石油产量将降至380万桶/日,而2016年产量为400万桶/日。

报告指出,中国将主导全球原油进口,在全球最大进口国排名中,中国位于榜首且保持领先。中国、印度和东南亚将共同推动全球石油流动由西方转向东方。未来5年,中国的原油净进口量将达到950万桶/日,仅次于美国在21世纪初创下的1000万桶/日的历史纪录。

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