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美国“机遇”号火星车将首次探索火星沟渠(图)

2016-10-08 15:37:25   新华网

新华网北京10月8日电美国航天局7日说,“机遇”号火星车将开进一个沟渠,这将是火星车第一次探索由液体冲刷形成的火星沟渠。

原标题:“机遇”号将首次探索火星沟渠

“机遇”号项目首席科学家、美国康奈尔大学的史蒂夫·斯奎尔斯在一份声明中说:“自上世纪70年代起,我们就从火星轨道上看到了由液体冲刷形成的沟渠,但从未在地表近距离查看过……我们希望弄清楚这种液体是否是混杂着大量碎石与水的泥石流,还是大部分是水但含少量其他物质的水流。”

2011年下半年以来,“机遇”号火星车一直在直径为22公里的奋进陨石坑西部边缘活动。“机遇”号曾在那里裸露岩层中发现黏土物质。黏土物质是火星上曾经有水的证据之一,说明远古火星可能曾有适宜生命的湿润环境。

探索火星沟渠将是“机遇”号从10月1日开始的两年新任务期的第一个任务。这个沟渠位于“机遇”号现在位置以南约1公里的地方,呈东西走向,有两个足球场那么长,“机遇”号将在整个沟渠中走上一遍。

在探索完这个沟渠后,“机遇”号接下来将第一次开进奋进陨石坑的内部,对其中的岩石展开研究。斯奎尔斯说,奋进陨石坑外部平原的岩石富含碳酸盐,应该形成于与水相关的过程中;而陨石坑内部很久之前曾有水流入,所形成的岩石可能与外部有所不同。

“机遇”号在2003年7月7日发射升空,2004年1月25日登陆火星,设计工作寿命仅3个月,但实际工作时间已经超过12年,获得了包括火星上曾存在“可饮用的水”等重要发现。美国航天局指出,“机遇”号多数设备工作良好,但发动机等已经远远超过工作寿命。

除“机遇”号外,目前在火星表面活动的还有2011年11月发射的“好奇”号火星车。而“机遇”号的“孪生兄弟”、同于2004年登陆火星的“勇气”号已于2010年停止工作。

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