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中加签署协定 分享返还跨境追赃

2016-09-23 05:12:27   环球时报

原标题:中加签署协定 分享返还跨境追赃适应国际社会新趋势

【环球时报综合报道】9月22日,在李克强总理访问加拿大期间,中加两国外长正式签署《中华人民共和国和加拿大关于分享和返还被追缴资产的协定》。这是我国就追缴转移到境外的犯罪所得对外缔结的第一项专门协定,是我国深化司法领域国际合作的重要举措。

该协定对《中加刑事司法协助条约》关于查找、移交赃款赃物的规定进行了细化和补充。协定规定,被非法侵占的财物如能认定合法所有人应予返还,对于没有或无法认定合法所有人的犯罪所得资产,缔约一方可在没收后根据缔约另一方的协助情况按比例分享。这些规定对中加在追缴、返还和分享犯罪所得方面提供了具有可操作性的法律依据,有利于加强中加在境外追赃方面的合作。该协定是中加司法执法合作的又一里程碑。

我国与加拿大在司法领域的合作起步很早。1994年签订的《中加刑事司法协助条约》是我国首次对外缔结同类条约。近年来,我国与加拿大在司法执法合作领域取得积极进展,加方向我方遣返了潜逃12年的赖昌星和其他多名逃犯。为进一步深化互信与合作,双方自2008年起举行司法和执法合作磋商,定期就该领域重要问题深入交换意见,至今已举行五轮。分享和返还协定就是在磋商框架下谈判达成的。不久前双方还建立了中加高级别国家安全与法治对话机制并举行了首次对话,就一系列重大问题达成共识,包括决定启动中加《引渡条约》和《移管被判刑人条约》的讨论。总之,加强该领域合作已成为双方的共同愿望,符合两国的利益和需要。

协定的签署也适应了国际社会打击犯罪领域的新趋势,将开启我国跨境追赃的新模式。在全球一体化日益发展的今天,犯罪分子向境外转移赃款、特别是腐败所得的情况频繁发生。由于各国法律制度的差异,追赃方面合作困难重重,国际社会一直在探索如何克服障碍,最大限度地开展合作,以有效保护包括国家在内的受害者的合法权益,并剥夺逃犯在境外生存的财源,遏制犯罪势头。该协定适应我国打击犯罪的新形势,必将成为追回被贪腐分子转移的国家财产、加强反腐败国际合作的新的有力武器。

协定的签署还是我国进一步织密国际司法合作网络的重要举措。改革开放以来,我国已与近60个国家签署79项司法协助条约,与46个国家签署了引渡条约,并与很多国家开展了司法协助和引渡合作。返还和分享合作是司法协助的具体内容之一,通过专门协定的形式将其规范和细化,是对现有制度体系的重要补充。我国将以此为契机,进一步完善国内司法协助体系,并在积累实践经验基础上,与条件成熟的国家缔结专门追赃协定,继续加大海外追逃追赃力度,积极扩大国际司法协助的广度和深度,为全面推进依法治国服务。(作者是中国外交部条约法律司司长)

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