外交部副部长刘振民介绍白皮书有关情况和中国在南海问题上的政策立场,并答记者问" /> 国际观察:美日“绑菲上车”盘算难以成局_中华网
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国际观察:美日“绑菲上车”盘算难以成局

2016-07-17 11:02:04   中国新闻网

中新社北京7月17日电 题:美日“绑菲上车”难成局

中新社记者 贾靖峰

中新社记者 杨可佳 摄">

外交部副部长刘振民介绍白皮书有关情况和中国在南海问题上的政策立场,并答记者问。 中新社记者 杨可佳 摄

南海所谓仲裁结果出炉几天,发酵缓慢,因其内容出位,并未形成某些国家期望的那样舆论一边倒的局面。

国际社会需要时间来重新权衡,所谓仲裁不但把菲律宾诉及的岛“裁定”为“礁”,还将菲方并未诉及的南沙群岛都“裁定”为“礁”,这样“任性”的“判例”将给国际法体系及其他地区的海洋问题埋下怎样的隐患?即使对于美日这样的所谓仲裁支持者,也可能“做局不成反被蚀”:日本恐怕要关心一下其存在争议的冲之鸟礁是否也应判为“礁”?美国也要当心自身的海洋问题是否要三天两头被诉国际仲裁?

二战后的几十年,美日同盟在东南亚“深耕细作”。美国以“地区安全”拉大旗作虎皮,日本则配合向目标国输出经济利益,在菲律宾等国家建立起“安全 经济”的双重利益勾连。随着美国“重返亚太”,日本甘当棋子,在南海问题被激发的关键时刻,美日自然要捆绑菲律宾“上车”。

只是任性的“仲裁庭”抛出的结果,让美日“绑菲上车”的盘算难以成局。而“安全 经济”的花哨蛋糕亦在丧失吸引力。

安全上,南海问题一旦诉诸军事,就将促发中美关系乃至全球大国关系的扳机,无论美国敢不敢军事介入,菲律宾都只能成为夹心饼干,美国给不了它“安全”。

经济上,菲新任总统杜特尔特自大选起就主打“草根”牌,他的三大执政承诺中的首项,就是提振经济,可见杜政府对菲律宾核心利益的认知,与阿基诺三世因南海而全身倒向美国完全不同。

作为出口导向型经济体,菲律宾同时通过吸引外资拉动经济。截至2013年,美日同盟在菲经济份额一直占优势,菲的外资主要来自日本、美国、英国;在2015年前,美日还占据菲律宾前两大贸易伙伴国的地位。

但全球金融危机后,经济政治秩序多元化已成大势。顺应时代潮流,中国及部分亚洲国家在危机后保持增长、相互经济依存度和国际地位均大幅提升,给美日主导的亚太格局增添了多元化的考量,这也是美日难于操控南海格局、只能抓住一切机会搅局的重要原因。眼下,美日自顾不暇,其在菲的经济“存量”正在消耗。

在贸易上,据中国商务部驻菲经商处援引菲国家统计局数据,2015年菲对外贸易总额1253.34亿美元,日本、中国、美国分列菲前三大贸易国,贸易额分别占比15%、13.7%和12.8%,即使这一年南海问题剑拔弩张,中国却已然成为菲第二大贸易伙伴。

在外资上,杜新任内阁提出的施政纲领“10项经济计划”中,要求“吸引更多外商直接投资,确保基础建设支出占GDP比重达5%”。这也使得菲律宾积极加入了亚洲基础设施投资银行(亚投行),中国倡导的亚投行和“一带一路”战略,正旨在协助东南亚解决基建落后的重大问题,符合菲律宾最迫切的诉求。

尽管所谓仲裁结果出炉后,日本及其主导的亚洲开发银行(亚行)忙不迭宣称“支持10项经济计划”、将投巨资往菲律宾,但亚行主要投资目标并非基建,很难满足菲律宾对基建投资的迫切需要。

菲新政府近几日展现出的克制与理性,也显示杜特尔特政府呼应百姓民生,跳出“仲裁案”,以更大的视野来判断亚太多元化大势下的国家利益:当务之急是发展,而非争端。只是美日搅局至此,已让各方骑虎难下,恐成“共输”,政治歧见不处置,就谈不上合作。

因此,中菲及区域内国家的第一要务,还是要重建政治互信。排除域外干预、重启谈判,是唯一途径。(完)

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