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媒体:G7今开外长会,日本有意“夹私货”

2016-04-10 11:11:31   解放日报

原标题:围绕主办地“广岛”做足文章,欲将“南海问题”塞入特别文件

G7今开外长会,日本有意“夹私货”   

本报记者廖勤

七国集团(G7)外长会10日将在日本广岛举行,为下月举行的G7伊势志摩峰会通气。这是G7成员时隔8年后首次在亚洲聚首。在G7关注度遇冷的当下,这次系列会议因为东道主日本的几个“另类”动作,热度似乎有点回升。

为何选址广岛

首先,今年外长会的会址选在广岛格外引人注目,而且日本在“广岛”上面更是做足了文章。一则邀请与会七国外长访问广岛和平纪念公园。这将是美英法这三个安理会“五常”国家的现任外长首次访问和平纪念公园。二则,据日本《每日新闻》报道,在本次外长会期间,日本政府在媒体中心安排了5名原子弹爆炸受害者的后代每天用英语接受记者采访。最后,日方还希望给外长会留下一份“历史遗产”。据日媒透露,外长会将发表《广岛宣言》,表达对核裁军与核不扩散的决心。共同社认为,日方此举意在从原子弹爆炸地广岛出发,强调日本实现“无核武世界”的意志。

在原子弹爆炸地召开重要国际会议并希望各国领导人来访,可以说是日本多年来的一个“情结”。上海交通大学日本研究中心主任王少普表示,其根源在于日本希望向世界展示其二战受害者且是唯一遭受原子弹轰炸的受害者的形象,从而淡化战争发动者和侵略者身份。“日本人民诚然在战争中受到严重伤害,但有一个前提不能忘记那场战争是日本军国主义挑起的,如果回避这个前提只是笼统地讲日本是战争受害者,不利于后人正确认识历史。”

中国国际问题研究所研究员、前驻奥地利大使杨成绪透露,日本之前曾将广岛作为这次G7首脑会选址之一,但最终却成为外长会的召开地,这一变化很值得玩味。其实,美国人从心底里是不愿去广岛开会的,因为在日本右翼心目中,投放原子弹是美国人犯的错误,而在美国人看来,这一切源于日本偷袭珍珠港,日本才是“祸首”。为此,广岛峰会最终“降格”为外长会。

特别文件会出台吗

和广岛会址相比,G7外长会的另一个话题也许更“抢眼”。外长会还没开,与G7八竿子打不上关系的“南海问题”却抢先跳入大家的视线。尽管中国再三反对将南海问题带入G7会议,但日本似乎依然固执己见。日媒称,G7广岛外长会将发表一份特别文件,目前日本政府正在进行协调。据悉,文件将首次对中国在南海推进“军事基地化”表示关切。针对中国可能在南海划设防空识别区,文件也将提及“决心维护(南海)上空飞行自由”。文件还将就中国公务船多次驶入钓鱼岛周边这一情况表示关切。如果文件出台,将是G7继去年外长会后发布的第二份有关南海问题的文件。

那么,日本为何执意要在G7平台上谈南海?这份酝酿中的“特别文件”会最终出台吗?

王少普判断可能性很大。最关键的因素是美日两国在背后极力推动。对美国来说,南海是其推进“亚太再平衡”战略的重要抓手,对日本而言,自然紧随美国步伐,借南海问题遏制中国。今年以来,美日舰船频频“光顾”南海,2月美日澳军演、3月美国航母编队巡航南海、本月又要举行印尼多国军演及美菲军演,美日已经在用行动为南海文件张本。其次,菲律宾提请的南海仲裁案在下月底前后预计会见分晓,抛出一份特别文件将配合仲裁案的裁决,进一步掀起国际上孤立中国的高潮。此外,此举也服务于日本国内政治需要。日本首相安倍晋三力求在任内完成修改和平宪法第9条。日本7月将举行参议院选举,如果执政联盟获得超过三分之二席位,就可将修宪问题提交国民公投。因此在国际舆论上将中国的威胁炒热放大,将为国内修宪、推进新安保法提供合法性。

不过,G7不是由美日两家说了算,对于东道主日本力推的所谓“特别文件”,英法德等其他成员又是否会“共鸣”呢?

王少普认为,客观而言,G7部分欧洲成员国眼下受困于难民、反恐等问题,无暇他顾。其与中国保持良好的经济合作,在安全上也无利害关系。因此,欧洲国家其实不愿过多介入南海问题,也不想被日本的私心“绑架”。

杨成绪表示,即使外长会通过特别文件,但在最终措辞上未必会如日本所愿,尤其是指名道姓谴责中国。值得注意的是,在议程设置上,日本在外长会与首脑会之间划出一道“分界线”:首脑会主要讨论全球经济议题,外长会聚焦政治议题。“把南海问题着重放在外长会而非更高级别的首脑会上来谈,说明G7内部对日本的设想并非一致赞成,这也是日本在设置议程时为何会显得如此小心翼翼的原因。”

对于日方执意将南海问题搬上G7会议桌,中方曾表示,这会严重影响中日关系改善。王少普表示,如果发表特别文件,确实会对中日关系的改善进程造成严重影响,也会为日本外相本月访华计划蒙上阴影。

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