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【水到渠成共发展】南水北调穿黄工程:黄河长江在此“握手”

2018-05-31 11:31:02   新华网

新华网郑州5月31日电(潘子荻)它是世界上伟大的奇迹,让奔腾于祖国大地的长江黄河就此“握手”;它是中国的超级工程,攻坚克难,凝结着无数人的心血和智慧;它的贯通确保一渠丹江清水穿越黄河输送至北方,惠泽千万百姓,它就是南水北调的“咽喉工程”——穿黄工程。

图为航拍穿黄工程。

穿黄工程位于河南省郑州市黄河上游约30千米处,是南水北调中线上标志性、控制性工程。“穿黄”顾名思义就是“穿越黄河”,来自丹江口水库的长江水自渠首出,一路自流向北,而黄河成为阻碍南水北去的天然屏障。为解决这一问题,在郑州花园口西黄河河床底部40米深处,开凿两条4250米长的隧道,北上的长江水通过两条穿黄隧洞与黄河立体交叉,形成“江水不犯河水”之势俯冲而下,穿越万古黄河。

穿黄工程总长19.3千米,由南岸明渠、穿黄隧洞及北岸明渠组成,其中黄河南岸明渠长4.6千米,穿黄纯隧洞全长4250米,其中邙山段隧洞长800米,过河段隧洞长3450米,北岸明渠长9.3千米,建筑物沿途穿越黄河、新蟒河、老蟒河等3条河流,与14条等级公路交叉。

图为穿黄工程三维效果图。

据南水北调中线建管局河南分局穿黄管理处处长韦国虎介绍,这是中国第一次在万古黄河的河道下进行水利工程施工,在世界上也绝无仅有。

在千年沉积,泥沙胶结,混杂交错的黄河河床凿出两条隧道,谈何容易?

面对黄河河床游荡、河槽深度冲淤、复杂地质条件、砂土地震液化等一系列技术难题,穿黄工程集中了当时国内盾构和隧洞施工能力最强的四家央企施工单位,强强联合,组成两大联营体,分别承担上下游隧洞施工。施工过程中,参建各方先后攻克了北岸竖井施工、盾构机始发、隧洞盾构掘进等一系列难题,开创了我国的数个第一:第一次采用大直径隧洞穿越黄河,第一次在我国水利史采用泥水平衡加压式盾构进行隧洞施工,第一次应用双层衬砌的结构。

图为穿黄工程入口。

穿黄过程并非一帆风顺,盾构机掘进过程中,盾构刀盘刀具损坏较严重。盾构机是从德国制作,一路漂洋过海来到穿黄现场,德国厂家工程师现场考察后认为修复难度和费用都极大,建设者决定自行开展刀盘具检查和修复工作。他们咨询了国内著名的专家,汇集南水北调工作人员集体的智慧,经审慎研究后,确定了带压进仓检查和更换刀具、常压加固进仓进行刀盘修复的技术方案,此方案与德国工程师提出的修复方案相反。

“经过实践检验,我们的修复方案更加安全,成本更低。事实证明,中国人可以依靠自己的力量解决工程中的核心难题。”韦国虎说道。

据南水北调中线建管局总调中心数据显示, 南水北调中线工程自2014年12月12日正式通水以来,截止2018年5月29日8时,共为北方地区输水144.17亿立方米,其中河南省累计分水量50.05亿立方米,河北累计分水量23.17亿立方米,天津累计分水量27.45亿立方米,北京累计分水量34.79亿立方米,经过穿黄工程输水96亿立方米。

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