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“黑科技”究竟是什么“黑”

2018-05-30 09:56:01   新华网

  《中国语言生活状况报告》权威解读——

  “黑科技”究竟是什么“黑”

现在,连“高科技”一词都仿佛落伍,“黑科技”成为大家日常使用中的“新宠”。29日,国家语言文字工作委员会发布“语言生活白皮书”,其中《中国语言生活状况报告2018》(以下简称《报告》)专辟章节,解读“黑科技”的“黑”,究竟是什么“黑”。

《报告》指出,根据现代汉语词典,“黑”有八个义项,其中四个为形容词性义项:1.像墨和煤那样的颜色,与“白”相对;2.暗,光线不足;3.隐蔽的,非法的;4.恶毒。

可以看出,“黑”带有中性或贬义的色彩意义,但 “黑科技”显然不能这么理解。

《报告》分析了“黑科技”一词的来源。它最初源于日本动漫《全金属狂潮》,指超越人类认知范围或现有科技水平的科学技术创新及其产品。和日语比,汉语中“黑科技”所指的范围更广。一方面,它泛指目前难以实现但可能会在未来实现的概念科技;另一方面,也指已经实现但超越绝大多数人认知范畴的高精尖技术及产品。“黑科技”从日语中走来后,其含义经历了由“不可理解、不可实现”到“人类可理解、未来可实现”再到“已实现或部分实现,超出普通人认知范畴与接触范围”的变化。

“黑科技”什么时候开始火的?《报告》指出,“黑科技”从2011年开始成为检索关键词,2016年的普通网页搜索指数和媒体指数都达到峰值。2017年,更是一直维持在高位。而在以新闻报道为主要数据来源的头条指数中,“黑科技”在2017年的单日最高热度值高达37.64万。

在语言上使用的“黑科技”,也“红”了。

教育部语用司、语信司司长田立新告诉科技日报记者,2017年,语言文字信息化关键技术研究与应用工程全面启动,机器翻译、智能语言学习、中华经典知识图谱构建等关键技术研究获批立项,汇聚250多个语言文字类数据库、资源库、语料库、服务软件等的“国家语委语言资源网”正式上线。这其中,就涉及语音识别与合成,手语、唇语解读,自动翻译,文章写作和人机交互等“黑科技”。

但黑科技的“黑”,有时并不纯粹。《报告》说,有些“伪黑科技”借助热词包装,既没有理念创新,也没有技术突破。比如有些所谓的智能机器人,只能进行一问一答的简单对话,就宣称自己是“黑科技”;有些加了充电宝功能的日记本就敢叫“智能笔记本”。“这些欺诈性技术和产品会侵蚀真‘黑科技’的生长土壤。”《报告》强调,应该维护和促进各项真“黑科技”的创新发展,让科技造福人类。(记者 张盖伦)

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