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万千哈达献雪域——四省藏区交通提速打通脱贫奔小康最后一公里

2018-05-29 22:51:01   新华网

新华社成都5月29日电 题:万千哈达献雪域——四省藏区交通提速打通脱贫奔小康最后一公里

新华社记者

广袤的青藏高原,雪山亘古矗立,大河奔流向东。千百年来,受制于恶劣的自然气候与地理条件,当地藏区普遍行路艰难、交通闭塞,显得遥远而神秘。

但人类的奋斗从未停止,在一代又一代人艰苦卓绝的努力下,昔日雪域高原上的道道“天险”被攻克,一条条承载着藏区百姓对美好生活向往的道路被打通。这些路,如同千万条吉祥的哈达,为雪域带去了脱贫奔康的希望。

雪域不再遥远

据史料记载,1300多年前,从长安启程的文成公主,历时近3年才抵达拉萨。如今,从西安到拉萨,正常情况下,驾驶汽车只需要4天。

家住青海湖东小泊湖的南加,祖祖辈辈是湖畔的牧民,到了他这一辈,一条通村路连起了小泊湖和109国道。沿着这条路,他离开故土,走南闯北。“是公路连起了我和外面的世界。”他说。

1954年,川藏、青藏公路建成通车。60多年后,“两路精神”不断传承,藏区高速公路正加快建设。

四川的雅康、汶马高速公路是内地通往藏区的重要交通大动脉,也是国家“一带一路”四川境内的主要走廊之一。

汶马高速线路全长172公里,是截至目前全国桥隧密度最高的高速公路,桥梁多达121座,隧道约为32座,整体预计在2020年完工。它的建成将实现从四川省会成都到全省20个市州政府所在地全部连接高速公路的目标。

打通脱贫奔小康最后一公里

夏日的甘南大草原,天空湛蓝无云。沿着213国道前行,甘南藏族自治州碌曲县城外尕海乡尕秀村的牧家乐里,贡保加和妻子完玛吉正忙着招呼客人。

尕秀村过去是纯牧业村,2015年以来,一条条宽敞平坦的水泥路连通各家各户,全村面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化。

贡保加笑呵呵地告诉记者,生意最好的时候,每天的毛收入都在3000元左右,“相当于每天赚五六只羊”。

高速路、柏油路、通村路、村组路……如今的甘南州路网纵横。放眼四省藏区,农村公路建设无不成为脱贫攻坚的“先行官”。

青海省果洛藏族自治州玛沁县当洛乡查雀贡麻村地处偏远,长期以来,牧民贡扎一家“靠天吃饭”,游牧业是唯一的收入来源。

最近几年,柏油路铺到了乡镇所在地,2016年硬化路也修到了村口。过去,从最远的夏季牧场到乡里,骑马需要近2个小时,从乡里到县城又需要大半天时间。通路后,从村里到玛沁县只需3个多小时。牧闲时,贡扎可以随时去县城的建筑工地打零工,每天最少能挣100元。

当洛乡党委书记扎西才旦说,近两年,随着全乡道路贯通,当地群众转移就业、创业致富的热情高涨。2016年该乡66个牧户成功脱贫,去年又脱贫83人。今年起,所剩不多的贫困户也将逐步告别贫困。

“基础条件的改善,增强了藏区群众的获得感。”云南省迪庆藏族自治州香格里拉市副市长松萍说。

随着交通条件的改善,当地群众在产业发展上也有了信心。为了让贫困群众有增收致富的产业,驻村队员、包村干部请专家实地考察并征求贫困群众意见后,为他们制定种植养殖计划。同时,当地还积极发展集体经济,现已覆盖56个行政村,每个村集体经济收入达到5万元以上,“这就解决了以往组织化程度不高、行政村没钱办事的问题。”松萍说。

哈达献给绿水青山

在四川藏区,雅康、汶马高速公路因建设与运营管理难度之大,被誉为业界的“珠穆朗玛峰”。建设初期,交通运输部专家委员会四川藏区高速公路建设专家组先后三次召开专题会议,解决重难点问题。目前,已经在高海拔艰险山区特长隧道快速与综合勘察技术、复杂地质环境下山岭隧道综合超前地质预报、山区特长深埋隧道的综合勘察等方面取得重大进展,解决了山区大桥、长隧建设及后期运营的部分技术性难题。

在藏区,每一条公路的建设都考验着脆弱的生态。

“在公伯峡库区修路,难度不亚于港珠澳大桥。”中交第三公路工程局工作人员张旭说。在青海循隆高速修建期间,为了最小程度地影响生态环境,决定以隧代桥,实在无法替代的,就在水上搭建工作平台,在库区边修建临时码头,用船把料运进去,用钢索吊装物资修建桥墩,坚决不在山上开挖一条便道。2017年10月,在基本未对库区生态造成破坏的基础上,提前8个月完成建设项目全线通车。

穿越三江源保护区的花久高速更是将绿色环保的理念做到了极致。作为交通运输部确定的青海首条“绿色循环低碳示范路”,建设者们通过创新集成应用路面温拌沥青混凝土技术、隧道节能通风设备、施工中的机械控制等30余项新材料、新技术和新工艺,将绿色节能理念贯穿于施工的各个环节。同时,累计投入资金1.88亿元,采用草皮移植养护、三维网植草、挂网喷播、骨架护坡等新工艺工法,努力打造生态环保绿色通道。(记者吴光于、胡旭、李亚光、张钦、杨静)

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