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“创新”跨越 “智造”未来——从世界制造业大会看中国制造新图景

2018-05-26 18:01:07   新华网

新华社合肥5月26日电 题:“创新”跨越 “智造”未来——从世界制造业大会看中国制造新图景

新华社记者

无需土壤,几台水箱和一瓶营养液即可打造“家庭农场”;手掌大小的机器人也有“洪荒之力”,智能搬运“庞然大物”;与30多种语言实时互译,人工智能让你轻松追逐“诗和远方”……于安徽合肥举行的2018世界制造业大会上,一批前沿技术和创新成果集中亮相。

在创新引领下,中国制造正逐步显现新的发展图景。这一点,从世界制造业大会上就能明显感知。

  新机遇:打开发展新空间

在大会展台上,劲旅环境科技有限公司智能垃圾处理系统引起不少人的关注。利用无人驾驶、图像识别、智能传感等技术,点点手机就能清扫、收集和转运,让清洁变得简单、高效。

智能技术与环保服务叠加,改变了城市清洁模式,也打开了全新市场。公司负责人陈迎说,通过卖设备和服务,公司年产值已从2015年的1亿多元增长到目前的7亿多元。

高铁缩短了经济半径,共享汽车让出行更加简单,财务机器人的应用可让36万小时的人力工作在几秒钟内实现……当今世界,科技带来的变革远大于过去任何时期。快速的创新、应用和迭代不仅催生出新的市场,也重新勾勒着产业发展“起跑线”,重塑着全球制造业竞争力格局。

以人工智能为例,工信部数据显示,我国在语音交互、图像识别等领域走在世界前沿,预计到2020年,中国人工智能带动相关产业规模将超过1万亿元。

“抓创新就是抓机遇,谋潜力。”工信部副部长辛国斌在大会上说,既不能将“一步之遥”演变为难以逾越的鸿沟,也要加速前沿科技攻坚,抢抓发展先机。工信部正加快引导高端装备、精密仪器等先进制造重大生产力布局,让创新成果加速落实到产业中。

创新既决定着未来的机遇,也有着厚重的现实意义。补上制造短板,带动存量升级,不少传统领域“旧貌换新颜”。

环顾当下,大数据让个性化生产更加高效,工业互联网缓解了库存压力,共享制造降低成本……信息技术与制造相结合,正改变现有生产方式,拓展出新增长点。

“没有落后的产业,只有落后的技术。”比亚迪股份有限公司董事长王传福说,将制造与网络化、智能化相叠加,中国制造将加速形成新优势。

  新版图:再塑产业空间

一个技术就能撬动一方产业。新技术“落地生根”,改变着不少产业的格局和城市“坐标”。这一点,在大会上体现得尤为明显。

京东方的新型显示技术在大会上引起不少中外来宾的关注。与京东方合作,合肥汇聚彩虹、康宁等上下游企业100多家,逐步形成完整产业链。显示技术也成为城市一张新“名片”。

精密轮轴、智能语音、陶铝新材料……大会现场,不少地方展台展出新的特色产业,改变人们对其的认知。

在适宜的土壤里,创新就会迸发出更强大的活力。结合资源禀赋和创新优势发展特色产业,一批制造业“新高地”正在出现。

辛国斌说,工信部正加快推进分省市产业发展指南,在信息技术、生物医药等领域培育出一批具有影响力的集群。

告别传统制造逻辑,产业链之间的布局与衔接也愈加多元,更加协同、开放、普惠的合作模式“浮出水面”。

开放合作同样重塑着中国制造在全球的发展格局。大会期间,江淮大众合资后的首款车型SOL(思皓)E20X宣布下线。大众汽车集团(中国)总裁兼CEO海兹曼说,中国市场逐渐开放的环境和良好的投资回报让大众汽车集团看到了很大的发展机遇。

一方面,外国资本和人才来华共享发展成果,另一方面,中国技术出海与全球互利共赢。工信部数据显示,到2017年底,仅中国企业在境外经贸合作区累计投资就达到307亿美元,为当地创造就业岗位25.8万个。

“产业的发展离不开开放与合作。”同济大学校长钟志华说,扩大开放领域,推动技术融合创新,加强同国际规则对接,中国制造将为外商提供更多更好的机会,也将在开放中更好融入产业分工体系。

  新征程:仍需跨越技术与品质关口

不可否认,与发达国家相比,中国制造在工业基础、创新体系等方面仍有差距,仍面临着品质、动力等挑战,在迈向高质量发展的征程中,尤须跨越几大关口。

首先是创新力。“培育和发展先进制造的任务依然繁重。”辛国斌说,原始创新、工业基础、核心技术和材料创新问题不解决好,先进制造发展同样面临被“低端锁定”的风险。在贸易保护主义思潮抬头,发达国家“再工业化”的态势下,加大创新力建设尤为迫切。

其次是品质关。做好品质革命,重塑价值链条,既是消费升级的需要,也是全球竞争的倒逼。

“即使是在智能化、自动化大力推进的今天,对机器的打磨、对精度的控制等仍是摆在制造业面前的课题,需要在实践中不断突破。”安徽省经信委主任牛弩韬说,一方面要夯实工艺、材料等制造“筋骨”,另一方面,也要加速推动更多产品和全球“对标”,建立符合高质量发展的标准体系。

营造好崇尚实业的氛围尤为重要。首要就是公平竞争。“某种程度上,保护知识产权就是保护创新和品质。”科大讯飞股份有限公司董事长刘庆峰认为,将知识产权意识深入人心,加快制度层面和生产要素层面的改革,让创新得到回报,让不正当竞争受到处罚。

包容宽松的创新环境同样重要。与会专家建议,要加快构建政策扶持、保险配套等体系,建立起完善的容错机制加速创新成果转化应用,为制造业的发展注入活力。(记者姜刚、张辛欣、张紫赟、程士华、陈诺)

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