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新技术可提高用二氧化碳制取乙烯效率

2018-05-26 17:56:12   新华网

新华社北京5月26日电 一个国际科研团队发现,在铜箔催化剂表面添加聚丙烯酰胺镀层,能显著提高利用二氧化碳制取乙烯的效率,有助于研发“绿色”的塑料生产技术。

乙烯是用于合成塑料、纤维等材料的基本化工原料之一,通常用石油或天然气制取。在电和催化剂作用下用二氧化碳制取乙烯,不仅能减少化石燃料的使用,还能消耗二氧化碳,有助于减少温室气体排放、遏制全球变暖。但此前相关技术的反应效率大多较低,不适合工业应用。

英国斯旺西大学研究人员与美国、法国同行组成的团队在新一期《美国化学学会·催化》杂志上发表论文介绍,他们尝试在作为催化剂的铜箔表面添加不同的聚合物镀层,结果发现带有聚丙烯酰胺镀层的铜箔能将26%的二氧化碳转换成乙烯,相比之下未处理的铜箔仅能转换13%。

计算机模拟显示,聚丙烯酰胺能断开二氧化碳分子里牢固的化学键,促进一氧化碳等中间产物的分子生成与稳定,从而使更多二氧化碳转换成乙烯而不是其他产物,增强了对特定反应的选择性。

研究人员说,他们将寻求进一步提高转换效率的方法,并研究直接用二氧化碳制取聚乙烯,简化生产塑料的中间流程。

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