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北斗进入全球组网新时代 年底建成北斗三号基本系统

2018-05-23 13:56:10   新华网

原标题:北斗进入全球组网新时代 今年底建成北斗三号基本系统

记者从5月23日在哈尔滨召开的第九届中国卫星导航学术年会上获悉:作为国家重大空间信息基础设施,我国北斗卫星导航系统2012年底正式提供服务以来连续稳定运行,目前,北斗系统进入全球组网新时代,应用产业呈现快速发展,成为国家名片。

在系统建设方面,北斗系统立足国情,首创混合星座,开创导航定位、短报文通信、差分增强融合技术体制,荣获2016年国家科技进步特等奖,入选2017年世界互联网大会领先科技成果。

北斗二号性能稳中有升。系统连续稳定运行,定位精度由10米提升至6米。增加4颗备份卫星,2颗已发射入轨。建设北斗地基增强系统,形成全国“一张网”,可提供实时厘米级高精度服务。建成全球连续监测评估系统,具备对北斗、GPS、格洛纳斯、伽利略四大系统监测评估能力。

北斗三号进入全球组网新时代。继承北斗特色,对标世界一流,增加星间链路、全球搜索救援等新功能,播发性能更优的导航信号。发射5颗试验卫星,星载原子钟天稳定度达E-15量级,定位精度2.5至5米,较北斗二号提升1至2倍。目前,已成功发射8颗全球组网卫星,建成最简系统。

在应用产业化方面,已形成完整产业链,北斗在国家安全和重点领域标配化使用,在大众消费领域规模化应用,正在催生“北斗+”融合应用新模式。

北斗基础产品实现历史性跨越。国产北斗芯片实现规模化应用,工艺由0.35微米提升到28纳米,最低单片价格仅6元人民币,总体性能达到甚至优于国际同类产品。目前,国产北斗芯片累计销量突破6500万片,高精度OEM板和接收机天线已分别占国内市场份额30%和90%。

行业区域应用显现规模化效益。北斗已在公安、交通、渔业、电力、林业、减灾等行业得到广泛使用,正服务于智慧城市建设和社会治理。500万辆营运车辆上线,建成全球最大的GNSS车联网平台,相比2012年,2017年道路运输重大事故率和人员伤亡率均下降50%以上。公安出警时间缩短近20%,突发重大灾情上报时间缩短至1小时内,应急救援响应效率提升2倍。全国4万余艘渔船安装北斗,累计救助渔民超过1万人,已成为渔民的海上保护神。基于北斗的高精度服务,已用于精细农业、危房监测、无人驾驶等领域。

大众应用触手可及。北斗由“高大上”转为“接地气”,日益走近百姓生活。世界主流手机芯片大都支持北斗,国内销售的智能手机中,北斗正成为标配。共享单车配装北斗实现精细管理。支持北斗的手表、手环、学生卡,更加方便和保护人们日常生活。以北京为例,33500辆出租车、21000辆公交车安装北斗,实现北斗定位全覆盖;1500辆物流货车及19000名配送员,使用北斗终端和手环接入物流云平台,实现实时调度。

北斗融合互联网催生新业态。至今共发布6版信号接口控制文件和1版服务性能规范。国内从业企业超过1万4千家,从业人员超过45万。国内卫星导航产业年产值年均增长率超过15%,2017年超过2500亿元,北斗贡献率达80%。2016年发布《中国北斗卫星导航系统》白皮书,启动《中华人民共和国卫星导航条例》编制。成立国家北斗卫星导航标准化技术委员会。北斗与互联网、云计算、大数据融合,建成高精度时空信息云服务平台,推出全球首个支持北斗的加速辅助定位系统,服务覆盖200余个国家和地区,用户突破1亿,日服务达2亿次。

在国际合作与交流方面,北斗已走出国门,正加速融入世界。成立中俄卫星导航合作项委会、中美卫星导航合作工作组。开通中俄卫星导航联合监测平台,与美、俄分别签署系统兼容与互操作联合声明,为多系统实现共赢,全球用户享受更加高效可靠服务做出中国贡献。

北斗已加入国际民航、国际海事、3GPP移动通信三大国际组织,还将为全球提供免费搜索救援服务。

积极推动服务世界。与南亚、中亚、东盟、阿盟、非洲等国家和组织建立合作机制,举办“北斗亚太行”、“北斗东盟行”、中阿北斗合作论坛、中沙卫星导航研讨会等系列活动,落成中阿北斗/GNSS中心,加强技术交流和人才培养,服务“一带一路”国家和地区。

下一步,2018年底,建成北斗三号基本系统,为“一带一路”沿线国家提供服务;2020年,建成世界一流的北斗三号系统,提供全球服务;2035年,建成以北斗为核心的综合定位导航授时体系。北斗将以崭新姿态、更强能力、更好服务,造福人类,服务全球。

北斗卫星导航系统总设计师杨长风表示,本届年会的主题为“位置,增强时代”,体现了高精度时空信息增强服务通过与移动通信、互联网、物联网、大数据的融合应用,助力卫星导航服务和信息产业、制造业、服务业等多领域进入了增强时代。

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