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探访“透明高铁”修建过程:平均6.4米埋1张芯片

2018-05-22 11:26:03   新华网

新华社郑州5月22日电(记者 李鹏)站在加紧无砟轨道铺设的郑万客专(郑州至重庆万州)颍河特大桥下,记者随手一扫高铁桥墩上的二维码,标号“颍河149#墩”的信息立刻出现在手机屏幕上。这些信息不仅包括墩身、承台和桩基的参数和示意图,还包括参建方、监理方、技术和质量等相关负责人的单位和名字。

“数字技术就像透视镜,即使建成后,依然可以通过设备随时查询这些钢筋混凝土构件的内部构造数据。”负责项目施工的中铁七局郑万客专项目部总工程师耿国永说,随着许多数字化技术首次在郑万客专建设中运用,未来我国高铁建设将越来越“透明化”。

耿国永说,“透明高铁”区别于普通高铁的一个基本特征是,线路上每一个钢筋混凝土构件都有一个“电子身份证”。在施工现场,记者看到,高铁线路自地面向上依次为桥墩、箱梁、道床和轨枕,桥墩、箱梁和轨枕的“身份证”是二维码,分别打印在墩身、箱梁内壁和轨枕的枕体之上,用手机一扫便可识别。

箱梁和轨枕之间的道床关系时速350公里的高铁行车安全,技术含量最高,施工精度和难度最大,“身份证”也最为特殊——埋在混凝土里的芯片。施工现场,施工工人一边焊接道床的钢筋骨架,一面在骨架上捆绑安装一只橙色的、U盘大小的小盒子。

“盒内是一张类似公交卡的射频芯片,通过读卡设备,甚至可以查询道床的砂浆性能指标以及灌注速度、温度和湿度等施工细节。”中铁七局郑万客专项目二分部书记王晓鹤说,按照要求,一段道床上要铺设10根轨枕,而芯片必须绑定在第2根和第9根轨枕下的道床骨架上,平均6.4米就要埋一张。这意味着全长818公里的郑万客专全线将埋设近13万张芯片。

王晓鹤说,数字化技术的运用不仅让高铁变得“透明”,也让高铁施工质量更加安全。据介绍,除了“电子身份证”,首次在郑万高铁投入运用的数字化技术还包括从建筑材料入场到最后完工的一整套施工信息化系统,以确保工程质量全程监控。

王晓鹤的手机上就有监控系统的终端。5月9日凌晨5时5分,王晓鹤手机里的警报声就响个不停。“2.5方混凝土里面少了18公斤沙子,就被安装在搅拌机上的传感器发现了。”王晓鹤说,监控系统的传感器和工地的电子秤直接相连,并将数据直接录入电子施工日志,“杜绝了工程质量造假。”

耿国永说,数字化的“透明高铁”施工也让建筑企业节本增效。以高铁箱梁预制中的预应力张拉工序为例,以前张拉时需要至少4个工人施工,2人手工计算张拉精度,2人负责实时记录数据,“而自从运用数字化的自动张拉系统后,现在只需要1个人就可以完成。”

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