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专访:自由贸易港建设将有力推进中国经济转型升级——访世界银行高级经济学家曾智华

2018-05-21 16:46:06   新华网

新华社北京5月21日电 专访:自由贸易港建设将有力推进中国经济转型升级——访世界银行高级经济学家曾智华

新华社记者何瑛

今年是中国改革开放40周年,推动自由贸易港建设等举措彰显了中国将继续推进改革开放的决心。世界银行高级经济学家曾智华近日在接受新华社记者专访时阐述了自由贸易港的国际经验和启示,认为自由贸易港建设将有力推进中国经济转型升级。

自由贸易港是当今世界最高水平的开放形态,而且中国是世界第二大经济体、最大货物贸易国。曾智华说,“打造比自贸区更开放更自由的营商环境和高效优质的基础设施,能够吸引更多高附加值的科技和服务型企业到中国投资,同时也为国内企业提供一个更好的创新创业环境。”

相关政策显示,海南自由贸易港建设要体现中国特色,符合海南发展定位,学习借鉴国际自由贸易港建设经验,不以转口贸易和加工制造为重点,而以发展旅游业、现代服务业和高新技术产业为主导。这意味着旅游业、服务业和创新产业的市场开放将是海南自由贸易港建设的重点。

曾智华在谈及自由贸易港建设经验时说,从全球来看,中国香港、新加坡、迪拜、鹿特丹等典型自由港的发展经验,可为中国内地自由港的建设提供借鉴。

他具体介绍说,中国香港连续多年被评为全球经济最自由的自由港,这得益于其自由的经济政策,如贸易制度、企业制度、金融制度和出入境制度等。此外,香港政府还提供各项商贸便利措施,使其成为全球重要的航运枢纽。

有“欧洲门户”之称的鹿特丹港,是世界上通关最快和最有效率的港口之一,全港利用PORTBASE系统来进行港区的信息交流;物流的高度集中使该市炼油、化工、造船等临港工业发展起来。

迪拜自由港是一个“1+N”的运行模式:1个自由贸易港加上多个特色产业城。这种模式成功实现了自由港与特色产业的协调发展,释放了自由港的“制度红利”和辐射效应。

新加坡则注重发挥现代服务业的优势,通过一系列优惠政策吸引外商投资,大力发展资本和技术密集型产业,使自由港朝着科技化方向发展,同时也高度重视港口和商贸的信息化建设。

曾智华指出,每一个自由港的发展都各具特色和优势,但其核心是通过吸引资金、物流、信息、技术与人才的集聚,打造区域价值链的核心枢纽。纵观世界典型自由港的发展历程,其成功伴随着两大属性,即高水平的自由开放和完善的基础设施。

“中国目前正好处在产业升级、新旧动能转换、提质增效的关键时刻,自由贸易港的推出无疑将有力促进这一进程,”曾智华说。

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