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我国农业“芯片”崛起:“中国粮”主要用“中国种”

2018-05-16 17:26:06   新华网

新华网北京5月16日电(汪亚)农业农村部今日就我国种业发展有关情况举行新闻发布会,农业农村部副部长余欣荣在会上表示,目前在水稻、小麦、大豆、油菜等大宗作物用种上,我国已经实现品种全部自主选育,主要农作物种子质量合格率稳定保持在98%以上,良种覆盖率超过97%。下一步,农业农村部将加大改革开放力度,始终确保中国人的饭碗主要装“中国粮”,“中国粮”主要用“中国种”。

种业是国家战略性、基础性核心产业。记者从发布会获悉,围绕发展现代种业、建设种业强国的目标,我国种业发展快速推进,主要表现在四个方面:

一是种业安全保障能力显著增强。种业是农业的“芯片”,只有种业安全有保障了,我国粮食安全的“根基”才能稳固。目前在水稻、小麦、大豆、油菜等大宗作物用种上,我国已经实现了品种全部自主选育,玉米自主品种的面积占比由85%恢复增长到90%以上,做到了“中国粮”主要用“中国种”。在蔬菜生产上,自主选育品种的市场份额达到87%以上。海南、甘肃、四川等三大国家级制种基地建设顺利推进,一批区域性良繁基地巩固发展,主要农作物种子质量合格率稳定保持在98%以上,良种覆盖率超过97%,我国农作物供种保障能力得到大幅提升,对农业增产的贡献率达到45%。

二是种业自主创新能力显著提升。首先,通过推进种业科研成果权益改革,释放人才创新活力,探索形成了成果权益分享、转移转化和科研人员分类管理的制度性成果,科研人员创新的劲头更足。其次,瞄准种业科研体制的顽疾,组织开展国家良种重大科研联合攻关,建立形成了政产学研用结合的种业协同创新体系,取得了品种创新的突破,收获了制度创新的成果,在解决科研与生产“两张皮”问题上,探索出了一条新的路子。此外,大力推进种业“放管服”改革,激发企业创新活力,先后下放和取消了7项许可审批事项,改革品种管理制度,开通品种绿色通道,完善品种审定标准,建立品种登记和经营主体备案制度,全面完成科研院校与其开办的种子企业“事企脱钩”,极大地释放了种业发展活力。

三是企业竞争力显著提高。种子企业的市场主体地位不断强化,发展步子更快,个头更大,实力更强,种业竞争力显著增强。随着企业兼并重组加快,企业数量大幅减少,前50强的市场份额占到35%以上,比五年前提高5个百分点。现在我国已有一批销售额超过10亿、20亿、30亿元的骨干企业,上市企业有60多家,总市值超千亿元。这几年由于种业政策好,国家鼓励创新,种子企业纷纷加大科研投入,引进国际化高水平人才,现在前50强企业每年研发投入超过15亿元,占销售收入的7.5%左右,正在接近国外大公司的研发投入强度。企业创新能力明显增强,种子企业每年申请的新品种保护数量比过去五年翻了一番,在申请总量中的比重超过50%。国审玉米品种超过一半是企业选育的,水稻品种超过2/3是来自于企业。

四是种业发展环境显著改善。以国务院出台3个种业工作文件、全国人大修订《种子法》为主要标志,构建了我国现代种业的顶层设计,形成了种业发展的“四梁八柱”。目前,种业支持政策体系不断完善,法律法规制度体系更加健全,行政管理体系和部门协调机制有效确立,创造了现代种业发展的良好环境。随着种业知识产权保护、市场监管力度持续加大,制售假劣、套牌侵权等违法行为大幅减少,“劣种子”问题基本解决,“假种子”问题得到有效遏制。据初步统计,假劣种子案件比2011年减少50%,种子侵权案件减少36%。

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