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农村“两权”抵押贷款试点延期1年:促改革衔接 助农民增收

2018-05-16 08:51:05   央广网

试点工作开展的时间还较短,有些问题可能还没有完全显现出来,需要进一步通过试点发现问题,及时总结经验

适当延长试点期限有利于同上述改革有效衔接,也有利于更好地检验贷款质量和抵押物处置机制的稳定性

原定于2017年底完成的农村“两权”抵押贷款试点延期。经全国人大常委会批准,“两权”抵押贷款试点延期1年。中国人民银行随后发布了《关于进一步做好“两权”抵押贷款试点有关事项的通知》,提出“两权”抵押贷款试点延期至2018年12月31日,推动相关金融机构积极推进“两权”抵押贷款业务。业内认为,随着农村“两权”抵押贷款试点延期、力度加大,将有更多农民受益。

“两权”是指农村承包土地的经营权和农民住房财产权。按照现行法律,农村“两权”不能抵押。为支持农村土地和金融创新,2015年12月份全国人大常委会决定在232个试点县分别暂时调整实施物权法、担保法关于集体所有的耕地使用权、集体所有宅基地使用权不得抵押的规定,该决定授权于2017年12月31日到期。在试点涉及相关法律条款障碍被排除后,中国人民银行、中央农办等在2016年3月份联合印发了“两权”抵押贷款办法,随后在全国232个试点县推进。

农业农村部农村经济研究中心研究员廖洪乐表示,农村“两权”抵押试点工作延期是必要的。从试点情况看,各试点县试点工作进展不一,部分试点地区存在确权颁证进展不平衡、配套政策落实不到位等问题。目前,试点工作开展的时间还较短,有些问题可能还没有完全显现出来,需要进一步通过试点发现问题,及时总结经验。

今年的中央一号文件明确了农村承包土地经营权可以依法向金融机构融资担保,适度放活宅基地和农民房屋使用权。“两权”抵押贷款试点延期,体现了“两权”抵押贷款试点在促进乡村振兴中的重要性。“两权”抵押贷款试点与农村土地确权登记颁证、农村承包土地“三权分置”等改革密切关联,适当延长试点期限有利于同上述改革有效衔接,也有利于更好地检验贷款质量和抵押物处置机制的稳定性。

中国人民银行有关负责人介绍,试点工作开展两年以来,90%以上的试点县(市、区)建立了农村产权交易中心或土地流转中心,1180家金融机构建立“两权”抵押贷款管理制度并落地试点业务,对不良贷款容忍度等方面也作了特殊安排。一些重点、难点问题也开始破题。

记者了解到,在试点中一些地方引入了第三方评估机构,丰富了抵押物价值评估方式,采取农村承包土地的经营权抵押物“预处置”模式,提前找好抵押物处置接受方,并通过与土地流转经营公司、农业龙头企业、担保公司合作等创新转让模式。在试点的两年间,各地还设立了风险补偿基金,探索引入农业保险和小额贷款保证保险等方式,以降低金融机构风险。而且,通过培育发展农村产权交易市场,一批家庭农场、农民合作社通过“两权”抵押贷款扩大了生产规模,并通过吸纳农民就业和股份分红等形式带动农民增收。

专家认为,延期后要区分不同情况分类推进试点。对确权颁证工作完成较好的地区,进一步加大以“两权”作为单一抵押物的贷款投放力度,力争以“两权”作为单一抵押物的贷款余额增速较上年同期有较大提升。对确权颁证工作进展较慢的地区,要创新“‘两权’抵押+担保”“‘两权’抵押+保险”“‘两权’抵押+其他产权共同抵押”等多种形式的贷款模式,促进小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接。对于深度贫困地区,积极满足以“两权”作为抵押物的脱贫攻坚融资需求,力争实现“对象精准、应贷尽贷”。

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