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长江江豚“升格”为独立物种 濒危程度比大熊猫严重

2018-04-15 06:25:56    中国青年网

武汉白鱀豚馆内人工饲养的长江江豚。资料图片/王金淼 摄

长江江豚“升格”为独立物种

与海江豚出现生殖隔离;仅剩1000多头,濒危程度比大熊猫严重

新京报讯 (记者李玉坤)日前,中美科学家共同发表论文称,长江江豚与海江豚之间存在着显著而稳定的遗传分化,提示它们之间缺乏基因交流而出现了生殖隔离,长江江豚因此被认定为独立物种。该论文发表于国际著名生物学期刊“Nature Communication”(《自然通讯》)。

长江江豚和海江豚此前都属于“窄脊江豚”亚种。被认定为独立物种后,长江江豚成为中国长江中下游地区特有的鲸豚类动物,鲸豚类物种也由原来的89种增加为90种。

项目负责人、南京师范大学生命科学学院教授杨光表示,形态学上,长江江豚和海江豚差异还不明显,说明长江江豚是一个比较年轻的物种。

为适应淡水出现适应性进化

南师大、美国加州大学伯克利分校、华大基因的科研人员将长江和中国沿海不同水域的49头江豚的基因组数据进行了比较分析。

“长江江豚和海江豚最明显的差别是一个生活在淡水,一个生活在咸水。所以我们首先想到,它们适应咸水和淡水的基因会出现明显的适应性差别。我们研究发现,它们确实出现了对不同水环境的适应性差别。”杨光介绍。

杨光的团队研究发现,一些与水盐代谢和渗透调节相关的基因在长江江豚中出现了显著的正选择,提示它们为了适应与海洋高盐环境完全不同的淡水低渗环境,已经出现了适应性进化,从而更好地在淡水环境下维持体内的水盐平衡。而这种显著的遗传分化与适应性进化,提示它们之间缺乏基因交流而出现了生殖隔离。

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