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雪域高原乡村的脱贫路

2018-03-13 16:11:00   新华网

新华社西宁3月13日电 题:雪域高原乡村的脱贫路

新华社记者李亚光

近年来,在地广人稀、山大沟深的青海藏区,一条条“天路”通向更远的前方,加速了当地群众的脱贫致富进程。

47岁的贫困牧民贡扎家住青海省果洛藏族自治州玛沁县当洛乡查雀贡麻村,由于地处偏远、交通不便,当地人一度用“地图上找不到,报纸上看不到,外人都不知道”来形容这里。

当洛乡平均海拔在4000米以上,高寒干旱。受自然条件所限,这里的牦牛生长缓慢,至少5岁才能出栏。长久以来,贡扎一家“靠天吃饭”,游牧业是唯一的收入来源。

贡扎告诉记者,最近几年,柏油路铺到了乡镇所在地,2016年硬化路也修到了村口。自此,村民的生活开始发生翻天覆地的变化。

过去,从最远的夏季牧场到乡上,骑马需要近2个小时,从乡里到县城又需要大半天时间。通路后,从查雀贡麻村到玛沁县只需3个多小时,牧闲时,贡扎可以随时去县城的建筑工地打零工,每天最少能挣100元。

“现在再也不怕出‘远’门了,就算家里有急事,也能及时赶回去。”贡扎告诉记者,一些无畜或少畜的村民索性在县城租了房子,应聘保安、清洁工、售货员等岗位,每月人均收入超过2000元。

查雀贡麻村的哇保对家乡通路带来变化的感触更深。2016年起,来到当洛乡的外地人越来越多,哇保抓住机遇,通过扶贫贷款在乡政府旁开了一家便民超市,当年就获得近2万元盈利。今年,尝到甜头的哇保还打算将自家临街的屋子收拾装修一番,开办一个“藏家乐”,为往来游客提供简单食宿。

路通了,接触到更广阔的世界,很多牧民的致富思路渐渐打开。当洛乡查吉贡麻村牧民拉龙告诉记者,今年夏天的旅游旺季,她在路边摆摊售卖当地的蘑菇、蕨麻等土特产,每天最多能赚300元。和一些顾客聊天时,拉龙得知从果洛州花石峡途经当洛乡再到玛沁县路程较长、人烟稀少,为此,她正和同村牧民筹措联合贷款,计划建一个私人加油站,在方便过路司机的同时尽快脱贫致富。

当洛乡党委书记扎西才旦说,近两年,随着全乡道路贯通,当地群众转移就业、创业致富的热情高涨。2016年该乡66个牧户成功脱贫,去年又脱贫83人。今年起,所剩不多的贫困户也将逐步告别贫困。

“现在交通物流方便多了,一些原本很难推进的扶贫产业也有了发展条件。结合本地自然地理环境,我们正努力打造集牲畜高效养殖、饲草种植、粪肥加工为一体的现代农牧扶贫产业体系,希望通过吸收就业、提高分红,进一步增加群众的稳定收入。”扎西才旦说。

要想富先修路。近年来,在被纳入“三区三州”深度贫困地区的青海藏区,乡村道路建设进程大幅加快。据青海省交通运输厅提供的数据显示,2016年,该省在偏远农牧区新建近7000公里道路,267个建制村通路、408个贫困村完成道路硬化。2017年,青海农村公路里程达6.15万公里,乡镇道路通达率超过98%,行政村通达率超过80%。

青海省交通运输厅综合规划处副处长王晓莉表示,整个“十三五”期间,该省交通运输固定资产总投资有望超过2000亿元。到2020年,青海所有乡镇有望通硬化道路,全部建制村实现道路通畅,新增公路总里程达到1万公里。

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