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五个字六方面看五年来农业农村经济工作亮点

2017-12-29 20:12:20   央广网

新华网北京12月29日电(汪亚)2017年全国农业工作会议29日在京召开,农业部部长韩长赋在会上介绍了2017年及过去五年农业农村经济工作,并用“稳、增、优、绿、新”5个字概括总体情况。稳,就是粮食稳产,粮食总产达到12358亿斤,“菜篮子”等主要农产品供应充足。增,就是收入增长,农村居民人均可支配收入将超过13000元,增速继续保持“两个高于”。优,就是结构调优,籽粒玉米累计调减5000万亩,粮改饲面积超过1300万亩,生猪养殖进一步向玉米主产区聚集,农产品质量和品牌进一步优化。绿,就是方式转绿,轮作休耕试点面积扩大到1200万亩,化肥农药使用量提前实现零增长,支持96个县整县推进畜禽粪污资源化利用。新,就是动能向新,主要农产品加工转化率超过65%,农业农村电子商务发展进入“快车道”,休闲农业和乡村旅游等新产业新业态蓬勃发展,农业农村“双新双创”迸发新活力。

“五年来,我国农业农村经济发展取得重大成就,为经济社会发展全局提供了有力支撑。粮食等农产品综合生产能力、农业现代化水平、农民收入水平显著提高;农业生产方式、经营方式、资源利用方式,农产品供求关系、工农城乡关系等发生深刻变化,农业绿色发展理念深入人心。这些成就和变革,标志着我国农业农村经济发展站上了新起点,进入了新时代,开启了全面建设农业强国的新征程。”韩长赋在会上表示,农业农村经济工作主要体现在六个方面。

一是着力巩固和提升产能,粮食生产能力登上新台阶。五年来,农业部着力实施“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略,大规模建设高标准农田,加强农田水利设施建设,开展耕地质量保护与提升行动,启动粮食生产功能区和重要农产品生产保护区划定,整建制推进绿色高产高效创建,集成推广节本降耗增效新品种新技术,粮食产量自2013年以来连续5年都在1.2万亿斤以上,表明粮食产能已稳定登上新台阶。

二是着力推进农业供给侧结构性改革,供给体系质量得到新提升。五年来,农业部坚持市场导向,着力调整种植、畜牧、渔业结构,以农产品加工业为重点促进农村一二三产业加快融合,减玉米、增大豆、扩饲草、调生猪、提牛奶等成效明显。畜禽养殖规模化率提高到56%,创建4020个水产健康养殖示范场,农产品加工业与农业产值之比达到2.2︰1,休闲农业、农村电商等成为新的增长点。建立并运行国家农产品质量安全追溯管理平台,主要农产品监测合格率连续5年稳定在96%以上。生猪屠宰监管职能划归农业部门后,实现了从养殖到屠宰全链条风险监管。动物疫病净化取得重大成效,全国消灭了马鼻疽,基本消灭马传贫。

三是着力提升农业科技和物质装备水平,现代农业建设迈出新步伐。五年来,农业部开展主要农作物生产全程机械化推进行动,强化国家农业科技创新联盟、现代农业产业技术体系和产业科技创新中心建设,加强土壤、环境监测等基础性长期性科技工作,加快发展现代种业,推进种业权益改革。目前,主要农作物良种基本实现全覆盖,自主选育品种占比达95%;农作物耕种收综合机械化水平超过66%,5年提高近10个百分点;农业科技进步贡献率达到57.5%,5年提高3个百分点。这些指标表明,良种农技农机等现代生产要素已成为农业发展的主要驱动力,现代农业建设实现了由量变积累到质变提升的转变。

四是着力治理农业资源环境突出问题,农业绿色发展取得新进展。五年来,农业部坚持把绿色发展摆在突出位置,创新体制机制和政策体系,坚决打好农业面源污染防治攻坚战,实施畜禽粪污治理等农业绿色发展五大行动,扩大重金属污染耕地治理修复面积,开展耕地轮作休耕试点,抓好草原生态补奖政策落实,推进禁牧休牧和草畜平衡,实施海洋渔业资源总量管理和渔船“双控”制度。农药、化肥利用率分别提高3.8和4.8个百分点,畜禽粪污综合利用率、秸秆综合利用率和农膜回收率均达到60%以上,草原综合植被盖度达到55.3%,清理取缔涉渔“三无”船舶3万余艘、“绝户网”90多万顶,绿色这个农业本色正在变得更加清亮。

五是着力创新体制机制,农村改革取得新突破。五年来,中央先后出台了适度规模经营、承包地“三权”分置、农村集体产权制度改革、农垦改革等重要文件,农村改革的“四梁八柱”基本建立。农业部牵头抓好中央部署的23项涉农改革任务落实。积极推进承包地确权登记颁证,已完成确权面积11.3亿亩,占二轮承包面积的84%。稳妥推进农村集体产权制度改革,先后两轮在129个县开展试点。加快构建新型经营体系,大力培育新型农业经营主体和新型职业农民,为贫困地区培育2万多名产业发展带头人。家庭农场、农民合作社、农业企业等各类新主体超过300万家,新型职业农民超过1400万人。农业部抓住机遇、迎难而上推进农垦改革文件落实,垦区集团化、农场企业化取得积极进展,一大批农场完成办社会职能剥离。农村改革试验区工作、现代农业示范区建设深入推进,形成了一批可供借鉴的制度性成果。农业对外开放迈出新步伐,建立了部际联席会议机制,以“一带一路”为重点的农业走出去起航远行,农产品进出口总额自2014年起稳居世界第二。

六是着力拓宽农民增收渠道,农民收入实现新提升。五年来,我们在巩固传统增收途径基础上,积极培育新的增长点。大力推进农村双创,公布了1096个农村双创园区(基地)目录,启动创建41个国家现代农业产业园,认定62个特色农产品优势区,各类返乡下乡创业人员超过700万。推动完善农民增收扶持政策体系,改革完善农业补贴政策,建立全国农业信贷担保体系,推动农业保险增加品种、提高标准、扩大覆盖面,启动大灾保险试点。农业产业扶贫取得明显成效,部里总结了洛川苹果、赣南脐橙、定西马铃薯等13个优秀范例,各地也总结了一批典型范例,通过现场观摩、技术指导、政策扶持,促进产业发展,带动脱贫致富。农民收入5年累计增长超过50%,每年迈上一个千元台阶,2016年城乡居民收入倍差为2.72,比2012年下降0.16。

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