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打击收单乱象 央行划定条码支付安全框架

2017-12-29 10:12:19   央广网

经济日报-中国经济网北京12月28日讯(记者 关婧)中国人民银行日前发布了《条码支付安全技术规范(试行)》和《条码支付受理终端技术规范(试行)》,自2018年4月1日起实施。

当前条码支付业务主要存在两类乱象,一是商户准入门槛降低,部分市场机构利用条码可远程发送、不受专业受理终端限制的特点,在商户拓展过程中未履行“了解你的客户”义务,通过“一证下机”等方式违规发展商户,加剧了套现、二清、外包管理不到位等收单乱象。

二是部分机构在开展条码支付业务时,在定价和市场推广策略中采取倾销、交叉补贴等不正当竞争手段,滥用本机构及关联企业的市场优势地位,排除、限制支付服务竞争,导致支付行业无序发展和不公平竞争。

因此,《规范》要求为特约商户提供条码支付收单服务的,应执行银行卡收单业务管理相关要求,切实履行商户管理、交易风险监测等收单主体责任,强化对收单外包机构管理。

中国人民大学重阳金融研究院高级研究员董希淼对记者表示,央行此次提出的关于条码收单等相关要求,只是重申《银行卡收单业务管理办法》等已有制度,并非新的更高的要求。“对条码支付进行规范,是近年来央行加强支付清算市场乱象整治工作的延续,也在支付清算领域防控金融风险的具体举措。”

另外,《规范》强调、重申了市场主体的特约商户管理。由于条码支付的特约商户与银行卡收单的没有多大差异,甚至从商户侧看,条码的技术风险容易造成商户结算资金的损失。

中国支付清算协会执行副会长兼秘书长蔡洪波表示,特约商户管理目的在于排除“坏商户”,防止“不法支付”,特别是由商户作为主谋或者帮凶参与的诈骗、洗钱、欺诈等犯罪活动,更好地维护条码支付业务参与各方的合法权益。

蔡洪波还指出,目前部分机构的跨行交易时未通过央行跨行清算系统或清算机构,而是直连处理条码支付业务,变相实现跨行清算的功能。因此央行在《规范》中要求银行业金融机构、非银行支付机构开展条码支付业务涉及跨行交易时,必须通过人民银行清算系统或者合法清算机构处理,支付机构还应符合相应的业务资质要求。

银行网络金融专家关铁军认为,此次《规范》强调存量业务应加快迁移到合法清算机构处理。“换言之,包括条码在内的任何形式的支付活动,都必须回归支付清算体系。”

北京网络法学研究会副秘书长、中国社科院金融所支付清算研究中心特约研究员赵鹞对中国经济网记者表示,《规范》的发布、落实能够严守金融安全底线。

赵鹞指出,通过统一、规范条码支付业务开展的支付创新能够为人民群众提供安全便利的金融服务,更有望将中国在移动支付、移动金融方面的领先优势辐射海外市场,形成有中国支付清算行业话语权的国际标准与监管准则。

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