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“北斗星座”应用新模式瞄准“高精度” 2030年前“空天地海”全覆盖

2017-12-28 10:42:19   央广网

12月27日是北斗卫星导航系统开通服务5周年。5年大考,北斗系统成绩如何?展望未来,“北斗星座”有哪些新的规划?国务院新闻办公室27日举行新闻发布会,邀请中国卫星导航系统管理办公室主任、北斗卫星导航系统发言人冉承其,交通运输部综合规划司负责人彭思义介绍北斗卫星导航系统发展情况。

高精度位置服务正成为像水、电一样的公共服务

从5年前开始提供导航服务以来,北斗系统不断丰富和完善。5年来,北斗二号系统连续稳定运行,相比2012年,定位精度由10米提升至6米。为增加系统稳健性,增加4颗备份卫星,其中2颗已发射入轨。

目前全世界有美国GPS、俄罗斯格洛纳斯、欧洲伽利略和中国北斗这四大全球卫星导航系统,北斗系统的竞争实力如何?“其他三大系统所具有的技术体制或优势,北斗都具备,此外北斗还具有短报文和位置报告服务能力,这是其他系统不具备的。北斗是第一个也是目前唯一把通信和导航融合起来的系统。”冉承其说。

北斗的另一大自主创新特色是它的高精度服务。“我们在中国境内建设了基于北斗的高精度‘一张网’,这张‘网’在今年上半年已经基本具备提供高精度服务的能力,可以提供米级、分米级的高精度服务,某些局部区域已经实现了厘米级的高精度服务。高精度服务会带来整个传统位置导航服务的革命性变化。”冉承其说,在中国,高精度位置服务正成为像水、电一样的公共服务。

今年行业产值预计超2500亿元

5年来,我国已形成北斗完整产业链,北斗在国家安全和重点领域标配化使用,在大众消费领域规模化应用,正在催生“北斗+”融合应用新模式。

5年前,国内基本使用国外卫星导航系统。如今,北斗已在公安、交通、渔业、电力、林业、减灾等行业得到广泛使用,正服务于智慧城市建设和社会治理。公安出警时间缩短近20%,突发重大灾情上报时间缩短至1小时内,灾后应急救援响应效率提升2倍。

彭思义介绍,交通运输行业在道路运输领域对危险品车、大客车、班线客车都安装了北斗终端,480万辆营运车辆上线,建成全球最大的北斗车联网平台,相比2012年,2016年道路运输重大事故率和人员伤亡率均下降近50%,“北斗对安全监管、安全运行起到了非常重要的保障作用,事故率大大降低,同时,政府对安全监管的精准服务、精准监管水平都提升了”。

5年来,北斗日益走近百姓生活。世界主流手机芯片大都支持北斗,国内销售的智能手机北斗正成为标配。共享单车配装北斗实现精细管理。

5年来,北斗应用产业快速发展,国内从业企业超过14000家。2012年以来,国内卫星导航产业年产值年均增长率超过15%;2016年突破2118亿元,北斗贡献率超过70%;预计2017年超过2500亿元,北斗贡献率可达80%。“乐观估计,2020年能达到4000亿元。”冉承其说。

 构建定位导航授时新时空体系

5年来,北斗已走出国门,正加速融入世界,成为代表中国大国形象的又一张闪亮名片。

在全面开展大国合作方面,成立中俄卫星导航合作项委会,中美、中欧卫星导航合作工作组;开通中俄卫星导航联合监测平台,与美、俄分别签署系统兼容与互操作联合声明。“通过双方系统兼容与互操作合作,不仅解决了干扰问题,还带来更好的应用,实现了1+1>2的效果,系统间实现了双赢,广大用户实现了多赢。”冉承其说。

在广泛参与多边合作方面,我国积极参与联合国全球卫星导航系统国际委员会。北斗已加入国际民航、国际海事、3GPP移动通信三大国际组织,还将为全球提供免费搜索救援服务。

未来北斗将有哪些发展规划?冉承其介绍,我国将加快北斗三号组网部署,2018年底前建成18颗卫星的基本系统,提供初始服务;2020年底前建成30颗卫星的完整系统,提供全球服务。“北斗将以崭新姿态、更强能力、更好服务,造福人类、服务全球。”

冉承其透露,中国还计划在2030年全面建成以北斗为核心的中国PNT(定位导航授时)体系。这种“空天地海覆盖的新技术新时空体系”,将成为深空、地面、海洋、室内全覆盖和多种技术手段融合的国家定位导航授时体系,做到无缝覆盖、精准统一、安全可信、高效便捷。(经济日报·中国经济网记者 佘惠敏)

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