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视觉识别迎来“中国大脑”:三问我国首款嵌入式人工智能视觉芯片

2017-12-21 20:36:21   央广网

新华社北京12月21日电 题:视觉识别迎来“中国大脑”:三问我国首款嵌入式人工智能视觉芯片

樊攀 盖博铭

中关村前沿技术企业地平线机器人技术团队20日发布首款嵌入式人工智能视觉芯片。在人工智能视觉识别领域,该类芯片每帧中可同时对200个视觉目标进行检测,为智能驾驶、智能城市发展提供基础支撑。

近年来,地平线机器人技术、中科寒武纪、深鉴科技……一批新型人工智能企业依托人工智能领域技术和算法优势向芯片行业渗透,加强人工智能芯片基础层研发。此次嵌入式人工智能视觉芯片的发布成为我国在芯片领域又一阶段性进展。

——一块芯片能解决哪些问题?

摄像头实时甄别在逃犯、无人驾驶汽车主动识别并避让行人……这些影视作品中的情节,可通过基于嵌入式人工智能视觉芯片的“解决方案”成为现实。

此次地平线团队发布的芯片包括面向智能驾驶的“征程1.0”处理器和面向智能摄像头的“旭日1.0”处理器。

“征程1.0”处理器具备同时对行人、机动车、非机动车、交通指示牌等多类目标进行精准实时检测与识别的处理能力。基于该芯片研发的智能驾驶平台支持260种交通标志牌的检测,对红绿灯、当前车道和相邻车道可行驶区域的识别准确率大于95%。

“旭日1.0”处理器具备在前端实现大规模人脸识别检测跟踪、视频结构化的处理能力,能应用于智能城市、智能商业等场景。结合该芯片形成的人脸抓拍识别系统单帧最高能抓拍120个人脸,功耗仅为1.5瓦。

国家集成电路产业投资基金股份有限公司总裁丁文武认为,以无人驾驶为例,芯片、软件、网络传输是人工智能实际应用的重要基础支撑,行业标准、安全保障等又是其重要的配套措施。在芯片研发的同时,还能匹配完整的商业应用是很“难能可贵的”。

——“视觉芯片”核心技术是什么?

记者了解到,该类芯片完全由中国企业自主研发,具有高性能、低功耗、低延时等特点,可直接嵌入至终端设备。

两款芯片采用地平线自主研发的高斯架构,其特点是支持目前常用的AI算法,以每秒30帧的速度对1080P每帧图象同时检测、跟踪、识别200个目标,基本满足目前常用的一些视频的智能应用比例。

地平线首席芯片架构师周峰介绍,芯片的研发是为了能应用于具体场景,“我们将算法和芯片做了强耦合,用算法来定义芯片,这样芯片的效率就很高,在高性能的情况下可以保证它的低功耗、低成本”。

“为了解决算法问题,我们在芯片中采用的是关注模型和认知模型的处理器。”地平线联合创始人、算法副总裁黄畅说,在自动驾驶的场景上,关注模型能够甄别出与驾驶相关的区域,认知模型可分析相关区域,获取跟自动驾驶相关的属性,这些信息融合在一起服务自动驾驶汽车的运行。

——人工智能芯片意义何在?

纵观信息产业发展历程,从个人电脑时代到移动互联网时代,承载高性能计算的芯片决定了新型计算平台的基础架构和发展生态,并掌握着产业链最核心的话语权。人工智能芯片也被视为未来人工智能时代的战略制高点。

地平线创始人余凯说:“我们认为自动驾驶是人工智能核心技术的珠穆朗玛,芯片的研发是在攀登的过程中的一个阶段性的目标。”

“芯片在智能驾驶、智能城市的构建和线下零售的改造中都大有可为。”余凯说:“地平线的愿景就是通过技术和场景的需求结合去推进人工智能处理器的创新,让它能够在各个场景落地。”

中国科学院院士张钹表示,传统硬件架构难以满足人工智能时代深度学习的要求,新的算法需要新的硬件来支撑。同时,芯片的结构将越来越像“大脑”,类脑芯片、智能芯片等将是人工智能的发展方向。

丁文武表示,当前人工智能处理器是全球科技竞争的热点,也是国家科技战略的制高点之一,具有自主创新的芯片产生对于国家的科技发展、社会进步具有重要意义。

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