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环境有价码 损害须赔偿:生态环境损害赔偿制度将在全国试行

2017-12-20 12:39:40   中国青年网

通过实施生态环境损害赔偿制度,修复受损的生态环境,保护和改善人民群众生产、生活环境,也是政府履行环境保护职责的需要。

下一步环保部将明确改革任务、时限,配备专门队伍,以案例实践为抓手,推进生态环境损害赔偿工作。

《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》日前正式公布。此项改革从先行试点进入全国试行的新阶段,为破解“企业污染、群众受害、政府买单”的不合理局面,切实维护人民群众环境权益,满足人民日益增长的美好生态环境需要提供了制度保障。

环保部相关负责人表示,在全国试行生态环境损害赔偿制度,不仅是实现损害担责的需要,同时也是弥补制度缺失的需要。在我国,国家所有的财产即国有财产,由国务院代表国家行使所有权。但是,在矿藏、水流、城市土地、国家所有的森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂等自然资源受到损害后,现有制度中缺乏具体索赔主体的规定。通过实施生态环境损害赔偿制度,修复受损的生态环境,保护和改善人民群众生产、生活环境,也是政府履行环境保护职责的需要。

今年初,贵州省开出了一份生态环境损害赔偿司法确认书。一家企业因为非法处理污泥渣污染环境,被贵州省环保厅索赔900多万元,用于被损害地区的生态修复工作。这是我国《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革试点方案》实施后法院办结的首例案件。

自2015年中办、国办印发《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革试点方案》以来,吉林、山东、江苏、湖南、重庆、贵州、云南7个省(市),通过27例案件、涉及总金额约4.01亿元的实践,在赔偿权利人、磋商诉讼、鉴定评估、修复监督、资金管理等方面,形成了可供全国试行借鉴的经验。

那么,即将于2018年1月1日实施的《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》,相对于此前的《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革试点方案》有哪些新亮点?

首先,将赔偿权利人范围从省级政府扩大到地市级政府,提高了赔偿工作的效率。该负责人指出,在实践中,损害赔偿案件主要发生在地市级层面。地市级政府在配备法制和执法人员、建立健全环境损害鉴定机构、办理案件的专业化程度等方面具有一定的基础,能够在开展生态环境损害赔偿制度改革工作中发挥积极作用。

其次,《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》要求地方细化启动生态环境损害赔偿的具体情形,明确启动赔偿工作的标准。对此,该负责人解释,考虑到各地的生态环境现状、经济发展水平、行政司法资源不同,为防止一刀切,避免出现不符合地方实际情况的规定,未在方案中作统一规定。

再次,《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》规定了“磋商前置”程序,这是对试点方案的一个重要补充。根据方案,赔偿权利人及其指定的部门或机构在磋商与诉讼的选择上要“磋商前置”,即生态环境损害赔偿磋商是诉讼的前置条件。对经磋商达成的赔偿协议,可以依照民事诉讼法向人民法院申请司法确认,赋予赔偿协议强制执行效力。磋商未达成一致的,赔偿权利人及其指定的部门或机构应当及时提起生态环境损害赔偿诉讼。

这位负责人介绍,下一步环保部将积极推动各地制定实施方案,明确改革任务、时限,配备专门队伍,以案例实践为抓手,推进生态环境损害赔偿工作。同时,强化环境损害鉴定评估技术体系建设,推进环境损害鉴定评估规范管理,并将会同最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、司法部等相关部门,推进解决各地在改革试行过程中遇到的问题和困难。

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