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环保部相关负责人解读《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》

2017-12-18 07:41:17   央广网

中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅近日印发《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》(以下简称《方案》)。2018年1月1日起,生态环境损害赔偿制度将在全国试行。17日,环保部相关负责人就《方案》相关问题接受了记者采访。

 破解“企业污染、群众受害、政府买单”的困局

“建立健全生态环境损害赔偿制度,由造成生态环境损害的责任者承担赔偿责任,修复受损生态环境,有助于破解‘企业污染、群众受害、政府买单’的困局。”该负责人说。

2015年11月,中办、国办印发《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革试点方案》(以下简称《试点方案》)。经国务院批准,授权吉林、山东、江苏、湖南、重庆、贵州、云南7个省(市)作为本行政区域内生态环境损害赔偿权利人,开展生态环境损害赔偿制度改革试点工作。

改革试点工作实施两年来,7个省(市)印发本地区生态环境损害赔偿制度改革试点实施方案,深入开展案例实践27件,涉及总金额约4.01亿元,在赔偿权利人、磋商诉讼、鉴定评估、修复监督、资金管理等方面,探索形成相关配套管理文件75项。

7个省(市)的试点实践表明,《试点方案》总体可行,其内容涵盖了在全国开展生态环境损害赔偿工作的基本内容,为《方案》形成提供了实践基础。

“建立生态环境损害赔偿制度,需要从立法上明确规定生态环境损害赔偿范围、责任主体、索赔主体、索赔途径、损害鉴定评估机构和管理规范、损害赔偿资金管理等基本问题。” 该负责人说,目前立法条件尚不成熟,在部分地区开展试点后,需要进一步在全国范围内试行生态环境损害赔偿制度,为下一步立法积累经验。

 赔偿权利人范围从省级政府扩大到市地级政府

《方案》在《试点方案》基本框架的基础上,对部分内容进行了补充完善:一是将赔偿权利人范围从省级政府扩大到市地级政府,提高赔偿工作的效率;二是要求地方细化启动生态环境损害赔偿的具体情形,明确启动赔偿工作的标准;三是健全磋商机制,规定了“磋商前置”程序,并明确对经磋商达成的赔偿协议,可以依照民事诉讼法向人民法院申请司法确认,赋予赔偿协议强制执行效力。

“实践中,损害赔偿案件主要发生在市地级层面,市地级政府在配备法制和执法人员、建立健全环境损害鉴定机构、办理案件的专业化程度等方面具有一定的基础,能够在开展生态环境损害赔偿制度改革工作中发挥积极作用。”该负责人表示,为提高生态环境损害赔偿工作的效率,《方案》将赔偿权利人由省级政府扩大至市地级政府。

该负责人还表示,考虑到各地的生态环境现状、经济发展水平、行政司法资源不同,为防止一刀切,避免出现不符合地方实际情况的规定,《方案》授权各地结合本地区实际情况,综合考虑造成的环境污染、生态破坏程度以及社会影响等因素,明确具体情形。

试点实践发现,赔偿权利人提起的生态环境损害赔偿诉讼,与符合条件的社会组织、法律规定的机关等提起的环境公益诉讼的关系需进一步予以明确。为此,《方案》规定:“生态环境损害赔偿制度与环境公益诉讼之间衔接等问题,由最高人民法院商有关部门根据实际情况制定指导意见予以明确。”

 以案例实践为抓手,推进落实地方改革任务

环境损害鉴定评估工作是生态环境损害赔偿制度的技术保障。《方案》明确要规范生态环境损害鉴定评估。环保部将继续完善环境损害鉴定评估技术体系,研究编制土壤和地下水、污染物性质鉴别、替代等值分析法等方面的鉴定评估技术规范;联合司法部规范和加强全国环境损害司法鉴定机构登记评审专家库(国家库)建设。

为做好生态环境损害赔偿制度与国家自然资源资产管理体制改革的衔接,《方案》规定:“在健全国家自然资源资产管理体制试点区,受委托的省级政府可指定统一行使全民所有自然资源资产所有者职责的部门负责生态环境损害赔偿具体工作;国务院直接行使全民所有自然资源资产所有权的,由受委托代行该所有权的部门作为赔偿权利人开展生态环境损害赔偿工作。”

该负责人表示,《方案》印发实施后,环保部将推进落实地方改革任务,积极推动各地制定实施方案,明确改革任务、时限,配备专门队伍,以案例实践为抓手,扎实推进生态环境损害赔偿工作。同时,做好业务指导和跟踪督促,会同最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、司法部等相关部门,通过业务指导、实地调研、督促检查、跟踪评价等措施,适时通过召开电视电话会、改革调度会、工作推进会等形式,推进解决各地在改革试行过程中发现的问题和遇到的困难。

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