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贵州“倒逼式”气象防灾机制落地生效

2017-12-11 14:25:15   央广网

央广网铜仁12月11日消息(记者张兆福 通讯员张加常)“向镇长,太平河及闵孝河周边降雨都达到暴雨量级,最大小时降雨强度为53.9毫米,可能导致河流水位暴涨,建议组织群众转移。”今年6月24日,贵州省江口县气象局值班局长紧急拨打了坝盘镇镇长向开勇的电话。

两分钟后,坝盘镇组织全镇干部职工争分夺秒疏散沿河两岸居民,帮助群众转移财产。“气象局第一时间把预报预警信息传达到点,为政府组织抢险救灾赢得了时间。”一小时后,向开勇看着淹没在洪水中的民房感叹道。

“当天晚上十点过钟,我接到气象局暴雨预警电话后,连夜组织全村群众进行了转移,没有出现人员伤亡。”松桃苗族自治县桃花源村支书杨胜前说。

近日,铜仁市副市长胡洪成告诉记者:“2017年,我市汛期共出现13次暴雨灾害天气,紧急转移25418人,没有一人伤亡。”而这项成果离不开贵州探索的“三个叫应”气象应急服务机制。

据了解,这种“三个叫应”机制的由来,与贵州暴雨特点有着密切相关——暴雨常在夜间出现,此时,老百姓往往正处于熟睡中,灾害有效防范难度大。在发生强降水时以电话通知的方式,将预警信息点对点及时有效传递到县、乡、村三级行政负责人和相关部门。气象部门还要用电话录音“叫应”记录并存档。“并不是暴雨预警一发就万事大吉。”贵州省气象局局长赵广忠说,“必须得有一种手段确保责任人能有效接收到信息。”

与传统气象预警信息发布模式相比,所谓“叫应”,就是信息不仅要“发得出、送得到”,还要“叫得应”。“对于多山多雨的贵州来说,这是防灾减灾最有效快捷的渠道,为减少人员伤亡争取了时间”,赵广忠说。

数据显示,贵州95%以上的经济损失和80%以上的人员伤亡,都与气象灾害及其次生灾害有关。“‘三个叫应’非常管用,在防灾减灾机制中起到了核心作用!”贵州省副省长刘远坤说。

2016年6月,贵州省政府办公厅印发《关于进一步加强汛期灾害防范应对工作的通知》,把“三个叫应”机制从“部门声音”上升为政府规章。全省9个市(州)和80个县(市、区)政府印发本地“三个叫应”服务机制。2017年,全省各县(区、市)政府又行文对“三个叫应”气象防灾减灾工作机制进行了修订,进一步细化叫应标准和叫应对象,明确工作要求和法律责任。

贵州省气象局副局长刘曙光表示,“推送式响应”变成了“逼迫式响应”,在某种意义上是倒逼政府主导、部门联动、社会参与气象防灾减灾机制真正落地生效。

在危急时刻,被“叫应”对象扩大到市委、市政府领导。用铜仁市副市长胡洪成的话说,“关键时刻,总在三更半夜睡觉时被气象局的电话叫醒”。这种做法得到了很多党政领导的理解和支持。2017年汛期,他先后4次到气象预警平台指挥全市防汛抗灾工作。

“三个叫应”让气象信息防灾减灾效益得到最大程度发挥。“十二五”期间,贵州全省因灾死亡人数由“十一五”期间平均每年149.8人下降到76.6人,气象灾害造成的经济损失占GDP的比重由3%下降至1%以内。2017年汛期,在极端强降水异常偏多的情况下,贵州省因灾造成的人员伤亡和财产损失较上年分别减少了34.4%和86.4%。

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