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《儿童预防接种信息传播指南》发布

2017-11-22 17:11:13   央广网

央广网北京11月22日消息(记者刘天思)为更好地落实健康中国战略,呵护儿童健康成长。由国家卫生计生委相关司局指导,《健康报》社主办的“儿童预防接种信息传播论坛”22日在京举行。论坛围绕国家免疫规划实施现状、规范接种呵护儿童健康、科学有效传播疫苗知识对预防接种的影响、公众如何辨别预防接种知识常见误区等话题进行了研讨和解读。论坛上推出了《儿童预防接种信息传播指南》的相关内容。国家卫生计生委相关司局负责人、专家代表及国内主流媒体代表等近百人出席本次论坛。

人民健康是民族昌盛和国家富强的重要标志,保护儿童健康是国家的优先策略和选择。国家卫生计生委疾控局相关人员在论坛上介绍,《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》中明确提出 “5岁以下儿童死亡率要由2015年的10.7‰下降到2020年的9.5‰,再到2030年的6.0‰。”预防接种是预防、控制甚至消灭传染病最经济、有效的手段,是保护广大儿童生命安全和身体健康的重要措施,做好预防接种工作对实施健康中国战略意义重大。

“目前,国家免疫规划向公民提供了乙肝疫苗、卡介苗等14种免费疫苗,能预防15种疾病,加上省市根据地域特点和财力因素补充的免费疫苗,已能覆盖大多常见传染性和感染性疾病。”国家卫生计生委有关负责人指出,我国儿童预防接种整体水平有了很大的提升,儿童健康状况也得到了极大的改善,但同时也要看到公众对国家免疫规划政策、预防接种相关知识了解还不够,尤其是疫苗不良事件发生时,盲目的恐惧和失信,让很多儿童错过了正常的免疫规划程序,为未来感染疾病留下了隐患。可见科学有效的传播疫苗知识,对预防接种率的稳定和提升有着非常重要的影响。我们愿同媒体一起携手,先从传播科学准确的预防接种知识开始,为儿童规范接种疫苗贡献自己的力量。

健康行为的促进,应遵循“知信行”的规律。《健康报》社副总编辑闫丽新指出,要规范公众的预防接种行为,首先要让公众能够获取科学的预防接种知识,然后要确保传播的知识权威正确,让公众理解并相信,进而促进科学接种行为。但目前各种传播渠道,尤其是网络和社交媒体上关于预防接种的信息鱼龙混杂,良莠不齐,公众难以辨别,甚至还被误导。作为健康传播领域的权威媒体,《健康报》社有责任承担起传播预防接种科学知识的重任。为此,《健康报》社今年6月开始组织编写《儿童预防接种信息传播指南》。

《指南》不仅对疫苗进行了介绍,也对我国免疫规划政策进行了解读,还对家长应该知道的一些预防接种常识进行了系统的说明,而且还提炼出了关于预防接种的核心信息以及公众常见的误区,方便大众快速准确的了解相关信息。该《指南》是在国家卫生计生委相关司局指导下进行编写的,编写过程中,得到了中国疾病预防控制中心、首都儿科研究所、北京市疾病预防控制中心、首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院、北京华信医院等单位专家的大力支持。

中国疾病预防控制中心流行病学首席专家曾光教授在论坛上表示,从过去多年的疫苗不良事件看,疫苗信息传播存在不科学、片面、甚至误导的情况,这不仅让公众感到恐慌,更大的危害是让很多本该接种疫苗的儿童错过了接种疫苗的最佳时间,为一些疾病的侵袭留下了隐患。“这本《儿童预防接种信息传播指南》的推出具有重要指导意义,只有传播了科学的疫苗知识,才能引导公众规范接种疫苗,从而保护儿童的健康,为国家减轻医疗负担,为家庭带来和谐幸福。”

认知存在误区,是一切沟通的最大障碍。一些关于疫苗的错误认知经常被肢解传播,给公众造成了很大的困扰。比如“自费疫苗(第二类疫苗)不如免费疫苗(第一类疫苗)安全有效”、“接种过某种疫苗就能100%预防这种疾病”、“打疫苗会影响儿童的自身免疫力”等。

在当天的论坛上,首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院姚开虎教授对此一一做了解答。比如针对常见的自费疫苗不如免费疫苗安全有效的误区,姚教授指出,不论免费疫苗还是自费疫苗,都符合国家规定的安全有效的标准,其分别主要是由国家和各地方的疾病危害程度、经济实力决定的,例如,水痘疫苗在北京属于免费疫苗,在其它一些省市就是自费疫苗。还有大多从国外进口的疫苗也是自费疫苗,但这些进口疫苗在全世界很多国家都纳入了政府免疫规划范围,免费提供给该国公民,其安全性和有效性都是经受住考验的。

姚开虎教授说,过去一些疫苗事件中,很多都能明确是疫苗质量问题还是偶合事件,但信息传播过程中,往往夹杂了一些与疫苗无关或主观推断的错误信息,致使公众对疫苗认识出现偏差。这部《指南》,可以作为新闻工作者传播预防接种信息的参考资料,也可以作为公众了解预防接种知识的权威来源。预防接种领域的专业人员也愿意和媒体、公众多沟通、多传播正确的预防接种知识,共同呵护儿童健康成长。

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