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“救命药”断了供怎么办?我国将全链条为改革完善短缺药品供应保障开出“药方”

2017-11-21 18:36:13   新华网

新华社北京11月21日电  题:“救命药”断了供怎么办?我国将全链条为改革完善短缺药品供应保障开出“药方”

新华社记者王宾、毛振华

针对近日儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿临床必需用药国产巯嘌呤片在多地遭遇短缺,国家卫生计生委相关负责人21日表示,按照此前重点监测情况,20日已完成应急生产检验首批295万片巯嘌呤并已陆续发货。各地将抓紧协调组织做好采购配送工作,直接挂网采购,确保供应。

药品短缺近年来为何频现?让医患双方不再为“救命药”断供“揪心”、回应民生医疗关切,我国将通过完善监测预警、优化药品研发流程、加强供需协调等全链条发力,让“一药不再难求”。

  药品短缺有几多?130个药已进入短缺药监测清单

心脏病临床手术必用药鱼精蛋白、治疗儿童心功能不全的地高辛口服液……国家卫计委汇总分析各地监测上报品种并委托中国药学会调查发现,我国药品短缺集中在常用低价药和专科、急(抢)救药。

今年6月,国家卫生计生委等9部门联合印发的《关于改革完善短缺药品供应保障机制的实施意见》提出,建立短缺药品供应保障分级联动应对机制,实行短缺药品供应保障分类精准施策。有关负责人表示,社会关注度较高的鱼精蛋白、丝裂霉素等130个临床急需短缺用药均已列入清单管理。

“此次巯嘌呤片出现短缺后能够迅速恢复市场供应,源于短缺药品监测网络的逐步建立完善。”国家卫计委药政司副司长张锋说,按照有关要求,卫生计生部门近两年建立的短缺药品监测网络前期已经监测到巯嘌呤的短缺风险预警,从8月份起就通过加速相关企业GMP认证等措施进行应对。而按照药品生产流通的一般规律,若无预警监测,恢复供应还需要半年左右。

国家卫计委相关负责人表示,我国通过“一对一”解决之策,开展了短缺药品市场撮合试点,启动了国家短缺药品供应保障工作会商联动机制,一揽子解决了监测清单中大部分药品短缺问题。

  药品短缺原因复杂多重 “对症下药”是关键

到2020年,我国将构建短缺药品信息收集、汇总分析、部门协调、分级应对、行业引导“五位一体”工作格局,形成具有中国特色的短缺药品供应保障制度。从全链条看,药品结构性、局部性短缺“症结”何在?

中国医药企业管理协会副会长牛正乾指出,药品是特殊商品,对病人属于“刚需”。完全靠市场,药品生产成本上涨,利润空间下降,药企不愿意生产,价格低、用量小的药品就容易短缺。

“就源头端而言,我国是原料药的生产和出口大国,总体上看,原料药工业属于精细化工,生产工序多、投入大、高耗能。同时,市场对原料药的依赖度高。”业内人士透露,目前,国内有巯嘌呤原料药批准文号生产企业3家,但仅1家实际在产;而主要在产的制剂企业因原料药价格上涨过快采购困难停产,加速导致了巯嘌呤片供应较大程度短缺。

国家卫计委副主任曾益新表示,在市场之手失灵的情况下,政府“托底”搭建信息沟通的平台将发挥好“协调员”的作用。

从整个医药供给侧结构性改革看,能力性和结构性短缺成为医药产业一些领域“后劲”不足的“掣肘”。《关于改革完善短缺药品供应保障机制的实施意见》提出,鼓励药品研发创新,对临床急需的短缺药品注册申请予以优先审评审批。从2016年起,食药监总局对优先审评列出了17种情形,将临床急需、市场短缺的药品纳入优先审评范围。

  停产备案、哨点前移:全链条发力走出“救火式”治理

记者了解到,国家卫计委、食药监总局等多部门将从22日起,针对氨苯砜等短缺药品清单上27种疑难短缺用药,集中原料药和制剂生产企业会商解决。如何推动“寻药记”早日谢幕?

——完善监测预警,搭建短缺药品多源信息采集和供应业务协同应用平台。相关负责人表示,我国将扩大监测范围,在目前500多个医疗机构监测哨点基础上,向生产和流通等重点环节延伸,推动实现信息监测全覆盖。“从‘使用端’前移到‘工业端’,有助于直接实现‘未雨绸缪’。”中国药学会科技开发中心副主任肖鲁说,今后应加快推动主管部门提出的短缺药品及其原料药生产企业停产备案制度,缩短短缺实际发生与应对机制启动的“时间差”。

——动态调整完善短缺药品清单。专家介绍,疾病谱、重点人群临床用药需求、突发事件应急保障需求是不断变化的过程,“解决药品短缺并非一日之功”。今后,我国还应完善药品短缺标准动态确定机制,利用大数据分析等手段科学建立药品常态储备机制。

——医药卫生体制改革加强联动。业内人士指出,解决廉价必需用药“叫好不叫座”的问题,需同时推进医保付费方式改革,调动医疗机构使用廉价“救命药”的积极性;还要建立科学的公立医院绩效考核制度,引导医务人员选用价廉质优的药品。

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