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姚玉峰:蛋皮剥出的发明 让3万多患者重见光明

2017-11-21 17:42:13   央广网

28岁的河南姑娘陈秋霞,在黑暗中生活了18年,进行角膜移植手术后,当脸上纱布拿开的一瞬间,陈秋霞脱口而出:“我看见了”!她第一次看到了丈夫和三岁女儿的模样。

为她做手术的是浙江大学附属邵逸夫医院眼科主任姚玉峰。姚玉峰说,当陈秋霞说她看到了的时候,他知道自己成功了,那种心情是做其它事所感受不到的。“生病把一个人的生命推向了接近悬崖。我们能够把他从悬崖拉回来,他可能走的就是一个健康生命的道路。这个时候你会很安宁。”

实际上,姚玉峰所说的达到安宁,更多的是来自医生职业的“不安”所驱动。1906年,德国医生施行人类第一例角膜移植,为角膜病盲患者带来了希望。但是,排斥反应是拦路虎。为了解决排斥反应,众多科学家前赴后继,努力了近一个世纪,一直没有攻克难关。1991年,姚玉峰赴日本大阪大学医学部眼科研修。他选择的博士课题就是研究排斥反应机理。

姚玉峰发现排斥反应最主要的对象是内皮层,仅有6微米厚,保留起来十分困难。一天早餐,他拿起鸡蛋剥开一片蛋壳,露出完好无损的蛋衣。蛋壳跟蛋衣的关系,非常像角膜整个基质层跟内皮层的关系,这让他顿悟!他提出一个大胆的设想,如果先把类似“蛋壳”的角膜基质层与类似“蛋衣”的内皮层分离开,那么“蛋衣”完整保留就可能实现。然而,要实现这个设想,现有的器械都不适合,一剥就把内皮层捅破。姚玉峰于是自己设计和发明专用器械,独特的“姚氏镊”及一整套姚氏手术器械就是在经过无数次的研发磨合后诞生的,这帮助姚玉峰攻克了世界级难题,被国际眼科界命名为“姚氏法角膜移植术”,在世界“角膜移植进步史”中,第一次出现了中国人的名字。

“姚氏镊”可以开眼角膜0.1毫米的口子。姚玉峰说,传统的角膜移植会有排斥反应,姚氏法角膜移植把角膜里面只有头发丝1/10粗细的一层保留,所有其它的混浊都换掉,恢复角膜透明性,又不会发生排斥反应。姚玉峰独创的世界首例角膜移植术,不但大范围应用在国内患者身上,也被推广到美国日本欧洲等地。

姚玉峰把治疗眼角膜病作为自己终生奋斗的“光明事业”,不计国外优厚待遇,带着所学的国际顶尖技术,毅然回国惠泽百姓。1995年回国时,国内角膜病患者大约有上千万,导致失明的也有约300万,而那时的国内角膜移植技术还处于起步阶段,急需新知识、新技术。当姚玉峰来到成立不久的邵逸夫医院时,他几乎白手起家、靠着一把镊子一把剪刀筹备起了眼科。

姚玉峰说他报到的第一天就有二十多个患者跟过来,他告诉患者说,他现在什么东西也没有。一位患者说我们找你看,是因为我们在其它地方治不好。姚玉峰诊断后,发现患者眼球还是有可能保住的,尽管条件简陋,他还是想办法做了第一台手术。那一年,他就做了400多台手术。

作为世界一流的眼科专家,姚玉峰毫无保留地把自己眼科的“独门绝技”授之于人,让更多的医生成为专家,回馈更多需要的人。“我们的父母,我们的亲戚,以及我们中国人始终是我们应该感恩的一个对象,同时也是我们应该服务的对象,当我们掌握一定知识的时候,最想回馈的是这个群体。”

姚玉峰心心念念的这个群体,在我国目前每年新增30万例病患,可每年有幸能手术的也只有1万例。面对技术要求苛刻、工作清苦又回报少的角膜病专业,姚玉峰安于寂寞、始终坚守。20多年来,经他治疗过的眼角膜病患者就有30万人,将近3万人经他手术重见光明。

从2009年开始,在医学会和邵逸夫医院的支持下,姚玉峰开始了“姚氏法”的普及,每年面向全国眼科医生,举办两期眼科培训,培训班一办就是八年,从最初50多人的小班,变成了现在500多人的大课堂,而且期期爆满。如今,姚玉峰在全国已累计培训了4000多名角膜移植的专业人才。

姚玉峰说,是国家培养了他,让他有机会走向更高的平台。如果有10个,100个,1000个姚玉峰,那就可以让十个、百个、千个,更多的人重获光明,这样才不违自己学医的初心。

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