新闻 > 国内
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China

惊心动魄!你不知道的北斗卫星发射幕后故事

2017-11-10 06:35:58   央广网

北斗发射背后原来这么“惊险”

11月5日,北斗三号双星在西昌卫星发射中心发射成功,迈出了北斗卫星导航系统全球组网的第一步。短暂庆祝后,中心归于平静,投入到后续任务准备中。在接下来一年多里,还有十多颗北斗卫星要从这里走向太空。

北斗卫星导航星座由中圆轨道、倾斜地球轨道和地球静止轨道卫星组成,都属于中高轨道。“目前中高轨道卫星主要由长征三号甲系列火箭发射,该系列火箭只能在西昌卫星发射中心实施发射。另外,作为我国较低纬度的发射场,在西昌发射效费比很高。”西昌中心人力资源部主任林玉南表示。

因此,西昌与北斗结下了不解之缘。17年来,该中心共执行25次北斗发射任务,成功发射包括4颗试验卫星在内的29颗北斗卫星,成功率达到100%。在这座闻名世界的“北斗港”,科技日报记者听到了北斗发射幕后鲜为人知的故事。

发还是不发,这需要担当

2000年10月31日和12月21日,前后不到两个月,西昌卫星发射中心连续成功发射两颗北斗一号静止轨道试验卫星。我国首次使用双星定位技术组成“北斗”区域卫星导航系统。

但接下来的发射并不那么顺利。2003年5月24日晚,长三甲火箭托举着第三颗北斗试验卫星等待飞天一刻,天降大雨。

21时许,控制系统报告:给箭上三级火工品和电磁阀等设备供电的关键线路——M3母线漏电。此时距预定发射时间不足3小时,发射“窗口”也只有短短51分钟。如果坚持发射,故障可能造成箭上火工品误爆或不起爆,导致发射失败;如果中断发射,低温推进剂已加注完毕,损失难以估量,还会留下重大事故隐患。一时间,指挥中心陷入两难。

中心火箭控制系统团队站了出来。他们在塔架爬上爬下,仔细检测分析后得出结论:漏电现象是由于环境湿度较大,部分接插件结霜引起,不会影响母线供电电压,可以发射。

5月25日零时34分,卫星发射升空,成功进入预定轨道。

“关门”前一刻挤进“导航俱乐部”

1994年,我国决定启动北斗一号工程,进行卫星导航试验探索。

当时,美国GPS、俄罗斯格洛纳斯各发射了20多颗卫星,已完成全球组网,并占用了最适合卫星导航的黄金频段。中国与正在建设伽利略卫星导航系统的欧盟,推动国际电联从航空导航频段中最大限度地挤出一小段以供使用。2000年4月18日,北斗和伽利略系统同时申报。按照国际电联规则,必须在7年内成功发射导航卫星,并成功发射和接收相应频率信号,才能获得该轨道位置和频率资源,否则将无法取得合法地位。

2005年,欧盟发射了首颗伽利略导航卫星。此时,我国虽已发射三颗北斗试验卫星,但其不具备主动发射下行信号的能力。符合国际电联规则的北斗二号卫星仍在研制,但时间很紧迫。

北斗人背水一战,倒排工期,将研制周期大大缩短。同时,西昌卫星发射中心也攻克了首次使用新改建发射工位、首次使用远控模式、首次发射中圆轨道卫星等多项挑战,针对此次任务分析风险、制定措施、把控节点,扎实做好了各项准备。

2007年4月14日4时11分,这颗肩负着重要使命的北斗卫星起飞,于4月17日20时许传回了信号。此时,距离国际电联的“七年之限”只剩不到4个小时。

摸着老天爷脾气找“战机”

在全球十大航天发射场中,西昌卫星发射中心的气候条件较为复杂,发射窗口气象保障难度很大。

雨中发射,对该中心来说已是家常便饭。但在2011年一次北斗发射任务中,他们创造了极端恶劣条件下发射成功的纪录。

2011年7月27日凌晨3时,距发射窗口还剩2个半小时,天空中突然云团涌动,越过山峰向场区上空聚拢,不久便电闪雷鸣、暴雨倾盆。

发射前半小时,天气没有丝毫好转。中心气象团队每隔10分钟,就向任务指挥部预报场区未来10分钟的天气情况,几次预报结果都一样:8公里范围内有强雷暴。

5时30分,已经到了窗口时间。指挥部要求气象系统拿出5点35分至45分之间的最后会商结果。气象团队仔细分析,凭借丰富的经验,发现雷雨将出现一个短暂间隙。他们将这一“战机”上报后,指挥部当即下达了准备口令。

5时44分28秒,长三甲火箭喷出烈焰,钻入稠密的云层。不久后喜讯传来:第九颗北斗导航卫星准确入轨。

展开全文
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China

热点新闻

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China
点击查看更多
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20171110/31649228.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/25 16:16:54

Powered by China
China