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西成高铁成为全国首条4G信号设备全覆盖的山区高铁

2017-11-09 18:35:58   央广网

央广网西安11月9日消息(记者刘涛通讯员焦键)即将开通的西成高铁作为首条穿越中国地理南北分界线——秦岭的高速铁路,全线隧道占比55%,尤其是线路穿越秦岭山脉时,隧道占比高达95%,线路采取长大隧道群的形式进行穿越。为了满足旅客在乘坐高铁途中的通信需求,西成高铁也首次在全线装设了2、3、4G信号设备,成为了全国首条4G信号设备全覆盖的山区高铁。旅客在乘坐高铁穿梭于秦岭的崇山峻岭之间时,既能欣赏到沿途的美丽风景,也可无障碍的享受网上冲浪,高铁“穿越之旅”又增加了许多愉快的体验。

搭建“公网通信系统”实现4G网络全覆盖

随着移动互联网技术的快速发展,旅客在出行过程中使用手机等电子产品的需求不断增大。在平原地区,由于通信信号无遮挡,旅客在途中可以随意使用手机浏览网络。但是西成高铁穿越了整个秦岭山脉,秦岭山脉不仅山体厚,且隧道埋深最深处有1000多米,给网络通信造成了障碍。为提升西成高铁的服务品质,打造“智慧高铁”,西成客专陕西公司按照国家有关部门通信设施“共建共享”的原则,在建设伊始携手中国铁塔陕西公司谋划“公网通信系统”,并联合西安铁路局及设计单位多次召开了西成高铁公网搭建设计审核及协调会,采取公网搭建与铁路专网建设“五同步”,即同步规划、同步设计、同步实施、同步开通,同步验收,确保了公网搭建工作的顺利进行。

西成高铁公网搭建工作共设基站RRU设备1230套,敷设通信漏缆390公里。目前,陕西移动、电信、联通三家运营商的网络覆盖都已经到位,实现了隧道内公用通信网络信号的全覆盖,成为了全国首条4G信号设备全覆盖的山区高铁。

采用世界上最先进的无线信号释放技术保障通信稳定

西成高铁隧道无线覆盖方式采取点线结合的方式,固定距离设置信号发射装置,在信号发射装置之间,采取漏泄同轴电缆连接的方式,做到无缝衔接。漏泄同轴电缆是具有信号传输作用,又具有天线功能的特殊电缆,通过对外导体开口的控制,可将受控的电磁波能量沿线路均匀的辐射出去及接收进来,实现对电磁场盲区的覆盖,达到移动通信畅通的目的。

西成高铁隧道采用的漏泄同轴电缆,采用高物理发泡的均匀细密封闭的微泡绝缘结构,不仅较传统的空气绝缘结构在特性阻抗、驻波系数、衰减等传输参数更加均匀稳定,而且可抵御在潮湿环境中潮气对电缆的侵入带来的传输性能的下降或丧失,大大提高了产品的使用寿命和稳定可靠性,是当今世界上最先进的射频和漏泄同轴电缆结构。

平均500米一处无线信号发射设备提升旅客出行体验

为了让使用不同移动运营商信号的旅客都能享受到无障碍移动信号服务,西成高铁分别装设了移动、联通和电信三个运营商的移动信号设备,根据频段不同移动2G设备1公里1处、4G设备500米1处;联通3G、4G设备500米一处;电信3G、4G设备1公里1处,旅客不论使用什么手机网络,都能保证网络连接无障碍。

同时为了保证无线信号精准释放和接收,用于释放信号的漏泄同轴电缆分别设置在隧道左右的洞壁上,并且每个边设置两条,分别悬挂于轨面分别为2.1和2.6米的位置上,这个高度,正好与动车车窗的上下沿对齐,漏泄同轴电缆的开槽朝向列车窗户,满足动车上的无线覆盖需求,让旅客出行体验更加美好。

实现枢纽交叉并线区段通信无干扰

近年来,随着我省高速铁路建设和既有普速铁路通信网改造步伐的加快,解决枢纽线路和交叉、并线区段铁路通信网络内部的干扰问题已经成为铁路通信部门面临的一大难题。作为西安铁路局唯一的通信设备管理单位,西安通信段全面做好西成高铁通信设备接管和验收工作,在西成高铁陕西段联调联试初期,现场作业人员发现西宝高铁与西成联络线之间存在无线网络信号干扰的问题,为了保障西宝高铁行车通信安全,同时满足西成高铁正线网络覆盖良好,铁路通信技术人员经过多次分析讨论,最终采取在西宝高铁基站铁塔增加铁路专网天线的方式予以解决。通过合理设置新增加天线的方向、俯仰角等参数,扩大覆盖范围,达到了西宝、西成高铁通信网络之间无干扰的效果。借助西宝高铁通信基站既实现了西成高铁枢纽交叉并线区段网络信号覆盖,同时避免了通信基础设施的重复投资建设,可谓是“一举两得”。

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