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从秋粮丰收看中国农业改革成效:绿色发展之路更清晰

2017-10-18 19:22:54   

新华社北京10月18日电 题:农业绿色发展之路更清晰——从秋粮丰收看我国农业供给侧结构性改革成效

新华社记者董峻、胡璐

金秋十月,又是一个丰收的好年景。在广袤的农村大地上,农机在轰鸣工作,辛勤的人们正忙着让颗粒归仓。

目前,全国秋粮收获已近七成。据农业部初步预计,在今年继续调整优化种植结构的背景下,粮食产量保持在12000亿斤以上。同时,粮食生产紧紧围绕农业供给侧结构性改革这一主线,绿色发展的导向更加清晰。

轮作休耕、化肥农药减量增效让粮食生产过程更绿

在吉林省松原市民乐村,今年整村实现玉米耕地秸秆还田保护性耕作,将玉米秸秆就地粉碎覆盖还田。这个村的党支部书记张志峰说:“秸秆还田后水肥不流失,关键土地越来越有‘劲’了,连续还田4年的地今年就少施肥25%,而玉米单产还增加了30%多。”

据农业部种植业管理司司长曾衍德介绍,今年秋粮生产调“绿”有了新进展。他具体概括了三方面的变化:

生产布局加快优化。华北地下水超采区、西南小麦条锈病菌源区、江淮赤霉病易发区调减小麦面积500多万亩。同时,推广小麦节水品种面积4000万亩。

轮作休耕稳步推进。今年我国继续开展耕地轮作休耕制度试点,实施玉米大豆轮作1000万亩,比上年增加500万亩,实现种地、养地相结合。

在河北地下水漏斗区、湖南重金属污染区、西南西北生态严重退化地区,实施休耕200万亩,比上年增加84万亩。

化肥农药减量增效深入推进。农业部深入实施化肥、农药使用量零增长行动,选择200个县开展化肥减量增效试点,有机肥替代化肥呈现良好势头;建设600个统防统治与绿色防控融合示范片,绿色防控面积扩大,化肥、农药用量继续减少。

民族种业发展助力粮食生产

“称出来了,1602斤。”安徽省定远县53岁的农民孙世玉欢喜地告诉记者,他没想到今年当地连续20多天的高温,接着又下了近半个月的雨,还能有这么好的收成,而同村人用了其他种子的亩产最高1200斤。

孙世玉的家里有40亩地。今年他选择的稻种是当地政府推荐的、由袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司研发的“隆两优华占”。在广适性方面,这个品种具有耐高温、耐低温,适用中低肥、少打药的特征。

孙世玉的丰收喜悦,从侧面展现了民族种业发展在助力粮食生产方面迈出的重要步伐。近年来,部分地区在粮食生产时节遭遇天气方面的不利影响。我国民族种业面对市场需求,不断研发创新,实现了自主选育品种的高产质优,保护了农民利益。

农业部种子管理局副局长吴晓玲表示,这几年我国种子企业不断加大科研投入,创新能力有了显著提高。目前种子企业前五十强每年的研发投入达13.8亿元,占到了销售收入的7.4%,已经接近国际上的研发投入水平。

理顺结构和产业促进农民增收

今年湖南省共有79个县市区落实高档优质稻1026万亩,比去年增加了350万亩。湖南省农委主任刘宗林说,自9月中旬陆续上市以后,这些优质稻全都成了“抢手货”,种植户因此亩均增收200元以上。

在稳定口粮品种的基础上,今年我国因地制宜调整优化种植结构。据农业部预计,籽粒玉米面积调减约2000万亩,市场紧缺的大豆面积增加约700万亩,杂粮杂豆增加约600万亩,青贮玉米和优质饲草增加约500万亩,马铃薯增加约200万亩。

曾衍德说,扩种青贮玉米、优质饲草等作物,有利于促进农牧深度融合,实现就地过腹转化。目前东北地区玉米过腹转化、加工转化已呈现发展的好势头。

与此同时,市场紧缺的优质强筋弱筋小麦面积占27.5%,比上年提高2.8个百分点。优质稻、加工专用稻面积比例达到80%以上,比上年提高1.5个百分点。

不仅如此,农业部还积极推进一二三产业融合发展,通过订单生产促进产销衔接,保障了农民增产增收。全国粮食作物订单面积4.2亿亩,增加5000多万亩。稻田综合种养面积达到2400多万亩,比上年增加200万亩。

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