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日本专家宫崎卓:互联网+精准扶贫具有中国特色

2017-10-17 20:37:55   

中国网/中国发展门户网讯 2017年10月17日是中国第四个扶贫日,也是第25个国际消除贫困日。中国在联合国千年发展计划实施期间的贡献居功至伟,这已是全世界的共识。联合国于2015年发表的《千年发展目标报告》显示,1990年,全球范围内每天消费不足1.25美元的贫困人口约占发展中国家人口总数的一半,而到2015年,这一比例已下降至14%。

如果具体到人口数量,意味着全球范围内生活在极端贫困中的人口由19亿下降至8.36亿,减贫人数超过一半。这意味着十几亿人摆脱了极端贫困,这不得不说是一个世界性的壮举。报告中还指出,中国极端贫困人口比例从1990年的61%奇迹般地下降到2015年的4%,为全球范围内消除贫困做出了巨大贡献。分析显示,中国对全球减贫事业贡献率高达76%。

中国在消除贫困方面取得如此巨大成就有很多原因,首先,中国自实行改革开放政策以来,经济得到快速发展。经济增速多年保持两位数增长,贫困人口的收入水平也随之大幅提高。

经济学中所谈的“涓滴效应”,指由优先发展起来的群体或地区通过消费、就业等方面惠及贫困阶层或地区,带动其发展和富裕。当前,中国政府推行的“精准扶贫”政策,可以说正是顺应这一趋势而推出的。

此类政策,一般首先在贫困地区大力开展基础设施建设,之后引进小额信贷、推动农村地区主要产业即农业的振兴。中国精准扶贫政策的实施与推进,可以说是在减贫取得巨大成就的主要原因。中国还利用“互联网+”、大数据等信息技术来消除贫困,这可以说是具有中国特色的减贫成果。

消除贫困的关键在于就业,如何让贫困阶层进入劳动市场可以说是有效且可持续消除贫困的最佳方案。而电子商务和社会服务则让这一方案成为现实。中国近年来扶贫出现了一些新现象,例如,在农村推动淘宝村建设、发掘各地优质土特产,这为提高农民收入做出了巨大贡献。此类网络平台以及覆盖农村物流等新形式的基础设施服务,给消除贫困带来了新的机遇,蕴含着巨大的潜力。另外,这种模式的兴盛,为离乡进城的年轻人返乡创业提供了机会,也使得增加就业和提高收入进入更为良性的循环。

目前,利用互联网消除贫困的举措已经取得了巨大进展。从中长期来看,可以将贫困地区纳入物流市场体系,必定会为消除贫困做出更巨大贡献。

产业扶贫是中国消除贫困最有创新性的解决方案,其中蕴含着无比巨大的发展潜力。同时,也期待中国在消除贫困方面的举措以及从中积累的经验,能为其他尚有不少贫困人口的发展中国家提供参考。

中国制定的“十三五”规划中,比以往更加重视国内贫困问题,确定了2020年农村贫困人口实现脱贫,贫困县全部摘帽,解决区域性整体贫困的目标。为了实现这一目标,中国政府还会研究制定各种解决方案。全球范围内的脱贫仍需各个国家的努力。相信中国今后一定会在对内对外双维度的脱贫中取得富有成效的成果。

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